结构现实主义视角下非传统安全的起因研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 08:01

本文选题：结构现实主义 + 层次分析法　；参考：《山东建筑大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 从国家产生直至冷战结束,传统安全问题(主要涉及军事和政治领域)一直吸引着各国政府的目光。然而,20世纪90年代特别是进入新世纪以来,在传统安全依然突出的同时,随着“9·11”恐怖事件的爆发以及SARS等传染性疾病的蔓延,非传统安全威胁成为国际形势的一个突出特点。非传统安全威胁不仅影响到国际安全,还涉及国内安全和人的安全。如何应对这些来自非传统安全领域的威胁和挑战,已成为各国共同关注的重大课题。这篇文章试从结构现实主义视角出发,运用层次分析法对导致非传统安全问题产生与发展的原因从宏观的系统层次、中观的国家的层次以及微观的个人层次进行探讨,以期能对非传统安全的起因形成一个全面的了解。本文的主要内容有：第一章：介绍了非传统安全与层次分析法的相关内容,旨在说明非传统安全研究的必要性和重要性。一切国家行为的终极目标都是为了实现国家利益,而安全利益则是实现国家利益的前提和保障。冷战结束后,国家安全利益也发生了重大变化,突出表现在非传统安全问题的日益凸出及其对国家安全和国际安全造成的严重威胁。因此,我们有必要对非传统威胁的原因进行全面分析,以更好地维护国家利益。以结构现实主义的层次分析法为工具,从系统层次、国家层次和个人层次三个方面对导致非传统安全问题产生、发展并日益引起人们关注的原因进行探讨和研究可以让我们对这一问题形成比较全面、系统的认识。第二章：试图从系统层次角度探讨非传统安全的起因。肯尼思·沃尔兹将其系统层次的“结构”理论分为排列原则、单元的功能与单元间的能力分配三个方面,与非传统安全问题相结合,我们可以发现国际社会的无政府状态、冷战后国际格局的变化和各国战略重心的转移以及全球化趋势都是导致非传统安全问题产生和扩大的系统层次原因。这种分析方法可以让我们从宏观上对国际社会的现状及非传统安全产生和发展的背景形成一个客观认识。第三章：试图从国家层次的角度分析非传统安全的起因。国家层次理论包含两项内容,即单元的“属性”和互动的“过程”。很多非传统问题的产生始于国家内部,因此,从单元的“属性”即国家的政治制度、经济制度以及文化传统等方面进行分析,可以找寻到它们产生的直接根源。另外,随着非国家行为体的不断增多及其在国际事务中发挥越来越重要的作用,国际社会的互动已不单纯局限于主权国家之间,政府间组织、非政府间组织甚至跨国公司在国际舞台中的地位逐渐提高,它们成为非传统安全问题产生和发展的巨大推动力。国家层次的探讨可以令我们更直接、更深入地了解非传统安全的起因,也有助于我们制定更具针对性和操作性的应对措施。第四章：试图从个人层次的角度阐述非传统安全的起因。在国际社会中,很多情况下,个人因素处于被忽略的境地。然而,从历史进程中我们可以看到个人因素对于国家制度的形成、国家对外政策的制定甚至国际规范的确立都具有重要的影响。在非传统安全领域也是如此,很多非传统安全问题的产生和解决都是与那些具有一定社会地位、能力、资格和条件的个人分不开的。这一层次的分析可以提高我们对“人”的价值和作用的认识,以及对人的权利、尊严和人的安全的关注程度。第五章：关于非传统安全问题研究的几点思考。层次分析法中的系统层次、国家层次和个人层是辩证统一的有机整体,对于非传统安全问题而言,将这三个方面进行综合考察能够使我们对非传统安全的起因形成一个全面的认识。针对上述原因分析,这篇文章试图从全球层次,国家层次和个人层次三个方面提出应对和解决非传统威胁的措施。由于非传统安全研究仍是学术界一个方兴未艾的课题,因此还存在很多有待继续探究的问题,如,从系统层次上对非传统安全的认识和界定问题以及非传统安全的针对性和可操作性问题等。
[Abstract]:From the state to the end of the cold war, traditional security issues (mainly involving military and political fields) have attracted the attention of governments. However, in 1990s, especially since the new century, the traditional security remained prominent, with the outbreak of "9. 11" terrorism and the spread of infectious diseases such as SARS. The threat of unified security has become a prominent feature of the international situation. Non-traditional security threats not only affect international security, but also involve domestic security and human security. How to deal with these threats and challenges from non-traditional security areas has become a major issue of common concern for all countries. This article tries to start from the perspective of structural realism, Using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the reasons for the emergence and development of non-traditional security problems are discussed from the macro system level, the meso level national level and the micro individual level, in order to form a comprehensive understanding of the causes of non-traditional security.
The main contents of this article are as follows:
The first chapter introduces the relevant contents of non traditional security and analytic hierarchy process, which aims to explain the necessity and importance of non-traditional security research. The ultimate goal of all state behavior is to realize national interests, and the security interest is the prerequisite and guarantee for the realization of national interests. After the end of the cold war, the national security interests have also been heavy. Major changes are highlighted by the increasing prominence of non-traditional security problems and their serious threats to national security and international security. Therefore, it is necessary for us to make a comprehensive analysis of the causes of non-traditional threats in order to better safeguard national interests. In three aspects of the individual level, the discussion and Research on the causes of non-traditional security problems, the development and the increasing arousing people's attention can make us more comprehensive and systematic understanding of this problem.
The second chapter tries to explore the cause of non-traditional security from a systematic perspective. Kenneth Waltz divides the "structure" theory of its system level into arrangement principles, the function of the unit and the allocation of capacity between units, and the combination of non traditional security problems. We can find the anarchy state of the international community, the post Cold War countries. The changes in the intertemporal pattern, the shift of the strategic focus of countries and the trend of globalization are the systematic reasons for the emergence and expansion of the problems of non-traditional security. This method can give us an objective understanding of the current situation of the international community and the background of the development and development of the non-traditional security.
The third chapter tries to analyze the cause of non-traditional security from the national level. The state level theory contains two contents, namely, the "attribute" of the unit and the "process" of interaction. Many non-traditional problems are produced in the country. Therefore, the "attributes" of the unit are the political system, the economic system and the cultural tradition of the state. In addition, with the increasing number of non state actors and their playing a more and more important role in international affairs, the interaction of the international community is not limited to sovereign states, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and even transnational corporations on the international stage. Their status is increasing, and they have become a great driving force for the generation and development of non-traditional security problems. The discussion of national levels can make us more direct, more in-depth understanding of the causes of non-traditional security and help us to formulate more targeted and operational responses.
The fourth chapter tries to explain the cause of non-traditional security from a personal level. In the international community, in many cases, the individual factors are neglected. However, from the historical process, we can see that the individual factors are important to the formation of the national system, the formulation of the national foreign policy and even the establishment of international norms. The same is true in the field of non-traditional security. Many non-traditional security problems are created and solved by individuals with certain social status, abilities, qualifications and conditions. This level of analysis can improve our understanding of the value and role of "human", as well as human rights, dignity and human security. The degree of concern.
The fifth chapter: some thinking about the research on the non traditional security problem. The system level in the analytic hierarchy process, the state level and the individual layer are the dialectical and unified organic whole. For the non traditional security problems, the comprehensive investigation of these three aspects can make us have a comprehensive understanding of the cause of the non-traditional security. Analysis of the reasons, this article attempts to propose measures to deal with and solve non traditional threats from three aspects of the global level, the national level and the individual level. Because of the non traditional security research is still an open issue in the academic circle, there are still many problems to be explored, for example, the non traditional security from the system level. Recognizing and defining problems and the pertinence and maneuverability of non-traditional security.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D815

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