奥巴马政府的“气候变化外交”分析

发布时间：2018-06-22 02:32

本文选题：美国 + 奥巴马政府　；参考：《外交学院》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着全球温室气体排放量的增多与全球气温的不断升高,气候变化问题正威胁着人类社会的生存与发展。美国作为世界第一大经济体,温室气体人均排放量第一大国,美国在气候变化领域的立场十分重要,直接影响着其他国家温室气体减排目标的制定以及国际社会温室气体减排的进程。 2009年1月,美国奥巴马总统上台执政后,在美国的内政与外交方面进行了大量调整。为了应对日益严重的气候变化问题,奥巴马政府摒弃了小布什政府时期在气候变化方面采取的消极态度,不仅在国内制定并推动多项法律与措施以发展清洁能源、减少温室气体排放量,而且还通过双边、多边外交领域促进并加强在气候变化领域的交流与合作,着力突出气候变化外交的重要性与紧迫性。此外,奥巴马还组建了经验丰富的“绿色专业团队”来制定并实施相关政策。奥巴马政府在气候变化领域采取的政策调整,与其外交理念的变化,国际、国内因素的作用以及他个人因素的影响有着密切联系。令人遗憾的是,被寄予厚望的奥巴马政府并没有在哥本哈根会议上制定出与其国际地位相符的温室气体减排目标,美国的这一做法严重影响了与会各国温室气体减排目标的制定以及最后协议的达成。虽然奥巴马在会议上同发达国家与发展中国家进行了广泛的谈判与斡旋,但是由于各方分歧严重,哥本哈根会议最终并没有形成具有法律效力的协议。面对奥巴马政府在气候变化领域进行的外交政策调整,中国应该做好充足的准备,把握机遇,迎接挑战,促进中美在气候变化与清洁能源领域的交流与合作。随着气候变化外交在双边、多边外交领域中重要性的不断上升,需要对奥巴马政府的气候变化外交进行深入地研究。
[Abstract]:With the increase of global greenhouse gas emissions and the rising of global temperature, the problem of climate change is threatening the survival and development of human society. As the world's largest economy and the largest per capita greenhouse gas emitter, the United States' position on climate change is very important. It has a direct impact on the setting of greenhouse gas emission reduction targets in other countries and the process of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the international community. In January 2009, President Obama took office in the United States, A large number of adjustments have been made in the internal and foreign affairs of the United States. To deal with the growing problem of climate change, the Obama administration has abandoned the negative attitude adopted by the Bush administration on climate change and has not only enacted and promoted a number of laws and measures to develop clean energy at home. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting and strengthening exchanges and cooperation in the field of climate change through bilateral and multilateral diplomacy to highlight the importance and urgency of climate change diplomacy. In addition, Obama also formed an experienced "green professional team" to develop and implement relevant policies. The Obama administration's policy changes in the area of climate change are closely linked to changes in its diplomatic philosophy, the role of international and domestic factors, and his personal influence. Unfortunately, the Obama administration, which has high hopes, did not set a greenhouse gas emission reduction target at Copenhagen in line with its international standing. The United States' approach has seriously affected the setting of greenhouse gas emission reduction targets and the final agreement among the participating countries. Although Obama held extensive negotiations and mediation with developed and developing countries at the meeting, the Copenhagen conference did not result in a legally binding agreement because of the deep differences between the parties. In the face of the Obama administration's foreign policy adjustments in the area of climate change, China should be well prepared to seize the opportunities and meet the challenges and promote exchanges and cooperation between China and the United States in the areas of climate change and clean energy. With the increasing importance of climate change diplomacy in bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, the Obama administration's climate change diplomacy needs to be deeply studied.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D871.2;P467

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