南极治理机制的挑战与变革

发布时间：2018-06-26 10:30

本文选题：南极国际治理 + 南极机制　；参考：《国际观察》2014年02期

【摘要】：经过50余年的发展与演变,1959年的《南极条约》目前已经发展成为以《南极条约》为核心,涵盖1964年《南极动植物养护协议措施》、1972年《南极海豹公约》、1982年《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》、1991年《环境保护南极条约议定书》以及大量南极条约协商国会议通过的措施、建议或决议在内的南极条约体系。上世纪80年代,通过不断的体制变革,南极机制成功克服了由"联合国化"与"人类共同继承遗产"动议引发的合法性危机。1991年《马德里议定书》及其附件的签署使得南极条约体系进入了相对稳定的发展时期,但南极机制仍然面临着南极海域主权要求、南极法律执行困难以及人类活动多样化引发的商业与资源挑战。面向未来,南极条约协商国有责任采取更加积极和建设性的应对措施,以确保南极国际治理机制持续稳定的向前发展。
[Abstract]:After more than 50 years of development and evolution, the 1959 Antarctic Treaty has now evolved to take the Antarctic Treaty as its core. Covering measures adopted by the 1964 Agreement on the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, the 1972 Antarctic Seal Convention, the 1982 Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine living Resources, the 1991 Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty on the Protection of the Antarctic Treaty, and a large number of Antarctic Treaty Consultative parties, Antarctic treaty system, including recommendations or resolutions In the 1980s, through constant institutional change, The Antarctic Mechanism successfully overcome the crisis of legitimacy arising from the "United Nations" and the "Common Heritage of mankind" initiative. The signing of the 1991 Madrid Protocol and its annexes brought the Antarctic Treaty system into a period of relatively stable development, However, the Antarctic mechanism still faces the claims of sovereignty over the Antarctic sea areas, the difficulties in the implementation of Antarctic laws and the commercial and resource challenges caused by the diversification of human activities. Facing the future, it is the responsibility of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Party to take more active and constructive measures to ensure the sustained and steady development of the Antarctic international governance mechanism.
【作者单位】：复旦大学法学院;
【基金】：国家哲学社会科学基金项目《我国南极权益维护的法律保障研究》(项目编号:11BFX141) 中美富布莱特项目(2012-2013)Antarctic Governance and the US-China Cooperation Under the Antarctic Treaty System 国家海洋局国际合作司(港澳台办公室)和中国极地研究中心联合项目《南极治理与中美在南极条约体系下的合作》(项目编号:QY201301)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D815

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