韩美不对称联盟下的韩国外交困境研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 02:52

本文选题：不对称联盟 + 韩美同盟　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：国家为什么结盟以及如何选择自己的盟友是国际政治经常要探讨的重要问题。联盟可以定义为主权国家之间为了安全合作而针对成员之外的国家签订的正式的和非正式的协议。国家结盟的动机源自于维护自身利益的需要,只有当结盟所带来的利益大于其所付出的代价时,国家才倾向于形成联盟关系。根据联盟成员实力的大小以及对联盟贡献程度的多少可以将联盟分为对称联盟与不对称联盟。相比对称联盟,不对称联盟更难形成、持续时间更长且更加普遍。一般情况下,不对称联盟由一个实力强大的大国和一个弱小的小国组成。由于不对称联盟结构的存在,内部成员由于实力地位的不同而面临不同的困境,相比大国,小国通常面临着更多的联盟困境。在联盟形成阶段,由于小国面临严重的安全威胁,因此,通过牺牲自主利益的方式获得大国的安全保护是其根本目的。在联盟形成之后,小国主要面临“连累”与“抛弃”的安全困境：在大国对敌强硬时,小国主要怕被连累；而当大国对敌采取缓和措施时,则担心被抛弃。同时,在不对称联盟的发展过程中,由于双方实力地位的变化,尤其是小国实力的增加,改变联盟内部的不平等地位的需求也将产生,这将迫使联盟进行重新定义,甚至可能会导致联盟解体,这是小国所主要面临的联盟“动态”困境。韩美联盟正是这样一种不对称联盟。在联盟内部,韩国最主要的问题是面临着联盟困境。在韩美联盟的形成阶段,韩国主要面临着安全与自主的交易困境,主要表现在：由于朝鲜战争的爆发,韩国的国家安全遭遇到严重的威胁,在这种情况下,为了获得美国的安全保证而不得不与美国结盟,由此导致国家自主权力的丧失：韩国的军队处于美国的领导之下,在国内、国外政策方面也完全听从美国,没有任何的独立自主可言。在韩美联盟形成之后,韩国主要面临着“连累”与“抛弃”的联盟困境。主要表现在：越南战争爆发,虽然韩国在越南并没有多少实际的利益,而且还面临国内民众反对的压力,韩国政府最终不得不应美国的要求派遣部队到越南作战；韩国被抛弃的担心主要来自于驻韩美军的调整问题上,当美国政府撤离部分驻韩美军,宣布减少对韩国的支持时,韩国则担心被美国抛弃。随着韩国经济的发展,韩国的国家实力有了进一步的提升,它开始寻求改变联盟内部这种不对称的关系地位,并最终为实现国家的完全统一而做准备。但是这种要求受制于美国的全球战略,韩国的目的并不容易达到。韩美之间这种不对称的联盟关系对韩国的外交政策也产生了深远的影响。建国之初,韩国为了获得美国的保护与支持,采取了完全依附美国的追随外交。在韩国经济发展实力增长的情况下,韩国逐渐开始采取自主的外交政策。冷战结束后,韩国政府则根据国际和地区形势的变化实施了平衡外交政策。但是从这些外交政策的实施效果来看,并没有达到理想的结果。终其原因,韩国外交政策的实施都受到美国、也即韩美不对称联盟结构的影响,都不同程度的面临着外交困境。从长远的时间观察,只要东北亚、朝鲜半岛的局势依然严峻,美国的战略不做调整,则韩国的外交困境将始终存在。
[Abstract]:Why the alliance and how to choose its own ally is an important issue that is often discussed by international politics. The alliance can be defined as a formal and informal agreement between sovereign states for security cooperation for countries other than members. The motive of the state alliance derives from the need to maintain its own interests, only as a conclusion. When the interest is greater than the price it pays, the state tends to form the alliance relationship. According to the size of the alliance members and the degree of contribution to the alliance, the alliance can be divided into symmetrical alliance and asymmetric alliance. Compared to symmetric alliances, asymmetric alliances are more difficult to form, longer and more general. Under the circumstances, the asymmetric alliance is made up of a powerful country and a small and small country. Because of the existence of the asymmetric alliance structure, the internal members face different difficulties due to the different power status. Compared with the big countries, the small countries often face more consortium difficulties. In the formation stage of the alliance, the small countries face serious security. As a result, the security protection of the great powers is the fundamental purpose of obtaining the security protection of the great powers by sacrificing their own interests. After the formation of the alliance, the small countries are mainly faced with the security dilemma of "continuous involvement" and "abandonment". In the course of the development of the asymmetric alliance, the changes in the strength of the two sides, especially the strength of the small countries, will result in the change of the unequal status within the alliance. This will force the alliance to redefine and even lead to the disintegration of the alliance. This is the "dynamic" dilemma of the alliance. It is such an asymmetrical alliance. In the alliance, South Korea's main problem is facing the dilemma of the alliance. In the formation stage of the Korea and the United States, South Korea is mainly faced with the dilemma of security and autonomy. It is mainly manifested in the serious threat to the national security of Korea because of the outbreak of the Korean War. In this case, in this case, The United States has to be allied with the United States, which leads to the loss of national autonomy: the Korean army is under the leadership of the United States, and at home, foreign policy is completely obedience to the United States, without any independence. After the formation of the Korea and the United States, South Korea is mainly faced with "compromised" and "discarded". The main manifestation of the alliance is: the Vietnam War broke out. Although Korea did not have many practical interests in Vietnam, and faced the pressure from the domestic people, the Korean government eventually had to send troops to Vietnam in response to the requirements of the United States; the fear of abandonment of Korea was mainly due to the adjustment of the US troops in Korea, and the United States When the government withdrew from some of the US troops in Korea and announced the reduction of support to South Korea, South Korea was worried about being abandoned by the United States. With the development of the South Korean economy, the country's national strength had been further promoted. It began to seek to change the asymmetrical relationship status within the alliance and finally prepare for the complete unity of the country. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, South Korea, in order to obtain the protection and support of the United States, took the following diplomacy that was fully attached to the United States, and increased the strength of the economic development of Korea. Since the end of the cold war, the Korean government has implemented a balanced foreign policy in accordance with the changes in the international and regional situation. But from the effect of the implementation of these foreign policies, the Korean government has not achieved the desired results. In the long run, as long as the situation in Northeast Asia, the Korean Peninsula is still severe, the strategy of the United States does not adjust, then the diplomatic predicament of Korea will always exist.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D831.26

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