冷战后中菲关系的发展与转变

发布时间：2018-06-27 18:26

本文选题：中菲关系 + 安全　；参考：《暨南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在冷战结束后的二十多年里，中菲关系的发展轨迹历经了大致三个阶段，实现了两次重大转变。 20世纪80年代末苏联解体，90年代初冷战结束，亚洲局势也经历剧变。拉莫斯总统时期，菲律宾为了国内的发展，除了强化与台湾的政治联系来获得台湾对菲律宾的巨额投资，菲律宾开始加强对南海岛礁的主权诉求，中菲两国在南海上的矛盾凸显。而冷战后随着亚洲格局的变化，在亚洲的大规模驻军对美国来说的不仅重要性开始下降，而且耗费太大，，因此美国不仅从菲律宾撤兵还大幅减少了对菲律宾的援助，缺少美国保护的菲律宾在面对南海冲突时将中国定义为对菲国家安全的威胁，其不仅谋求重新加强与美国的安全合作关系，对华外交趋于激进，这导致1995年以来中菲关系的恶化。但是，自上个世纪末以来，菲律宾对华政策开始了其冷战之后的第一次转变，这种转变的表现是中菲关系在21世纪头十年两国关系迅猛发展。尤其是2004年菲美因伊拉克人质事件冷却之际，中国抓住时机对菲律宾采取全方位的外交攻势，中菲两国在安全、防务以及南海问题上取得前所未有的进展。不过，自2010年阿基诺三世上台之后，菲律宾的对华政策以及中菲关系发生了冷战之后的第二次大的转变。促成中菲关系第二次转变的重要因素是南海问题。自2011年以来，菲律宾的对华政策逐渐发生重大转变，其在南海问题上对华强硬，菲律宾国内“中国威胁论”甚嚣尘上，中菲关系因南海争端跌至1975年建交以来的冰点。中菲关系的两次转变都与该时期菲律宾对安全环境的判断有关，当然，其他因素如反恐、中国的海洋政策、美国等因素也在很大程度上影响了中菲关系。在第一个时期，由于中菲两国相继在1995年和1999年爆发两次美济礁冲突，南海问题在中菲关系之中前所未有的突出，菲律宾对国家安全的评估因此发生变化，中国被重新定义为“威胁”，中菲关系因此随之恶化。在21世纪最初的十年里，南海问题在双边关系中引而不发，中菲关系经历了十年的黄金时期，中国被更多地被菲律宾视为朋友而不是敌人。但是自2011年以来的南海紧张局势，迫使菲律宾的安全政策再次发生变化，菲律宾放弃与中国的战略关系，转而联美制华，中菲关系跌入低谷。相反，由于美国在2010年开始调整其全球战略，并“重返亚洲”，菲美关系重新升温。
[Abstract]:In the more than 20 years since the end of the Cold War, the development track of Sino-Philippine relations has undergone three stages and realized two major changes. The end of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, the situation in Asia has also undergone dramatic changes. During President Ramos, the Philippines began to strengthen its claim to sovereignty over the islands and reefs in the South China Sea, in addition to strengthening its political ties with Taiwan to obtain huge investments in the Philippines by the Philippines for its domestic development. The conflict between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea highlights. After the Cold War, with the change of the Asian structure, the importance of large-scale garrison in Asia not only began to decline, but also cost too much. Therefore, not only did the United States withdraw troops from the Philippines, but it also significantly reduced its assistance to the Philippines. The Philippines, which lacks US protection, defined China as a threat to the Philippine national security in the face of the conflict in the South China Sea. It not only sought to re-strengthen security cooperation with the United States, but also became more aggressive in its diplomacy with China. This has led to the deterioration of relations between China and the Philippines since 1995. However, since the end of the last century, the Philippine policy towards China began its first change after the Cold War, which was manifested by the rapid development of Sino-Philippine relations in the first decade of the 21st century. Especially when the Iraqi hostage incident between the Philippines and the United States cooled in 2004, China seized the opportunity to take an all-out diplomatic offensive against the Philippines, and the two countries made unprecedented progress on security, defense and the South China Sea. However, since Aquino III came to power in 2010, Philippine policy toward China and relations between China and the Philippines have undergone the second major change since the Cold War. The South China Sea issue is an important factor contributing to the second change in the relationship between China and the Philippines. Since 2011, the Philippines' China policy has gradually undergone a major change, it has been tough on the South China Sea issue, the "China threat theory" in the Philippines has been rampant, and Sino-Philippine relations have fallen to the freezing point since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1975 because of the dispute in the South China Sea. The two changes in Sino-Philippine relations were related to the Philippines' judgment on the security environment during that period. Of course, other factors, such as anti-terrorism, China's maritime policy, and the United States, also greatly affected Sino-Philippine relations. In the first period, as two conflicts broke out between China and the Philippines in 1995 and 1999, the issue of the South China Sea became more prominent than ever in the Sino-Philippine relations. As a result, the Philippines' assessment of national security has changed. China has been redefined as a threat, and relations with the Philippines have deteriorated. In the first decade of the 21st century, the South China Sea issue has not been raised in the bilateral relations. After a decade of golden period, China is more regarded as a friend than an enemy of the Philippines. But tensions in the South China Sea since 2011 have forced a new change in Philippine security policy, with the Philippines abandoning its strategic relationship with China and turning to the United States to establish China. Instead, relations between the Philippines and the United States have warmed again as the United States began to adjust its global strategy and "return to Asia" in 2010.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D822.334.1

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