俄美北极战略比较研究及其对中国的启示

发布时间：2018-07-09 15:28

本文选题：俄罗斯 + 美国　；参考：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，随着全球气温的逐步升高，全球气候的逐步变暖，导致北极地区的冰山迅速融化，北冰洋冰面面积大幅度缩小，北极地区的战略地位日益凸显，世界各国纷纷制定并发布各自的北极战略，竞相在该地区进行蓝色圈地运动，北极问题正成为国际政治当中的一个热门议题。早在冷战期间，北极地区就已经是前苏联和美国激烈争夺的战略地盘之一。冷战结束以后，随着美苏关系的缓和，苏联的瓦解，俄罗斯取代前苏联，在该地区继续扮演着和美国较量的角色。作为两个北极国家，俄罗斯和美国在不同的历史时期，不断推出新的北极战略，以指导各自的相关部门在北极地区进行相关活动，，以获取各自在该地区的国家利益。中国，作为一个世界大国，并非北极国家，然而，北极地区作为全人类的公共遗产，每个国家都有权利并且应当拥有联合国海洋法所规定的各自在该地区的合法利益，中国也不例外。和美俄两个国家相比，由于国家战略的失策，中国对北极地区不够重视，对该地区的研究亦起步较晚，至今，中国都没有一个自己的北极战略，中国政府也尚未出台任何一份与北极地区相关的政策文件。在从地理、历史、政治、科考、经济、安全等层面对俄罗斯和美国这两个北极国家的北极战略进行比较分析和研究之后，我们可以从中借鉴一些有益的经验，为未来中国政府制定北极战略提供一些思考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the gradual rise of global temperature and the gradual warming of the global climate, the icebergs in the Arctic region have melted rapidly, the Arctic ice area has been greatly reduced, and the strategic position of the Arctic region has become increasingly prominent. Countries all over the world have formulated and issued their own Arctic strategies, competing to carry out the blue land movement in the region. The Arctic issue is becoming a hot topic in international politics. As early as the cold war, the Arctic was already one of the strategic sites fiercely contested by the Soviet Union and the United States. After the end of the Cold War, with the relaxation of U.S.-Soviet relations and the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia replaced the former Soviet Union and continued to play the role of the United States in the region. As two Arctic countries, Russia and the United States have launched new Arctic strategies in different historical periods to guide their respective departments to conduct relevant activities in the Arctic region in order to obtain their respective national interests in the region. China, as a world power, is not an Arctic country. However, the Arctic region is the public heritage of all mankind. Each country has the right and should have its own legitimate interests in the region as stipulated by the United Nations law of the sea, and China is no exception. Compared with the two countries of the United States and Russia, due to the misstrategy of the national strategy, China has not paid enough attention to the Arctic region, and the study of the region has started relatively late. So far, China has not had a single Arctic strategy of its own. The Chinese government has yet to produce a policy document related to the Arctic. After comparative analysis and research on the Arctic strategies of Russia and the United States from the perspectives of geography, history, politics, science, economics, security, and so on, we can learn some useful experiences from them. To provide some thinking for the future Chinese government to formulate the Arctic strategy.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2;D851.2

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