杜鲁门政府的缅甸政策研究（1949-1952）

发布时间：2018-08-05 14:59

【摘要】：本文研究的是杜鲁门政府在亚洲冷战兴起背景下(第二任期)的缅甸政策,核心是援助政策,主要涉及美国对缅政策的调整背景、制定过程、实施情况和对其评价等方面。随着亚洲冷战的兴起,美国开始全面遏制中国,缅甸因独特的地缘优势便成为了它积极争取的对象之一。杜鲁门政府为此不断强化对缅政策,积极制定与实施各项援助计划来拉拢吴努政府。但两国外交立场的根本差异注定了美国在缅甸的反华图谋不可能真正得逞,其援助政策的效果自然有限。通过对杜鲁门政府对缅政策全貌的分析,可知它完全服务于美国对华冷战政策,而本文的主要目的就是通过杜鲁门政府的对缅政策来揭示它与美国对华政策之间的这种同向变化的从属关系。文章由绪论、正文与结语共同组成,其中正文包括四部分：第一部分分析了杜鲁门政府对缅政策的国际背景。随着中国内战、朝鲜战争与东南亚各地的民族民主革命的发展,亚洲冷战逐步兴起。为了围堵中国,美国开始制定针对东南亚各国的具体政策措施,并通过一系列访问与利用援助作为主要手段,来将相关经济、文化与军事等建议措施予以具体实施。第二部分是杜鲁门政府对缅政策的制定。冷战使美国的对缅政策从消极走向积极。杜鲁门政府先后派遣了一些外交团访缅,并结合其调查结果相继制定一些对缅政策文件,1950年6月美国政府出台的正式文件《国务院准备的政策声明：缅甸》,标志着美国对缅政策尤其是援助政策的全面确立。其政策并在朝鲜战争后予进一步以完善,集中表现为NSC124/2(Burma)文件。第三部分论述了杜鲁门政府对缅政策的具体实施。美国对缅援助政策制定后,杜鲁门政府在对其不断进行补充与完善的过程中,开始实施其援助计划与项目,主要体现在经济援助、军事合作与文化交流等方面。第四部分从总体上评析了杜鲁门政府的对缅政策。通过上一章的分析可知,美国对缅政策的目标、特征与方式是多样性的,美国会依具体情况选用不同方式与突出不同特征,以求最佳地实现目标。而美国的对缅政策虽然产生了一些作用,如一定程度上离间了中缅关系与排挤了英国在缅甸的影响力；但同时因缅甸的地缘环境及其中立政策而面临着巨大困境,所获效果实则有限。人们基本对美国对外援助持批判态度,因为它的最大缺陷就在于美国的政治功利性与经济虚伪性。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the Myanmar policy of Truman government under the background of the rise of the Cold War in Asia (the second term), the core of which is the aid policy, which mainly involves the adjustment background, the formulation process, the implementation and the evaluation of the United States' Myanmar policy. With the rise of the Cold War in Asia, the United States began to contain China in an all-round way, and Myanmar became one of the active targets because of its unique geographical advantage. For this reason, Truman government continuously strengthened its policy towards Myanmar and actively formulated and implemented various aid programs to win over the Wu Nu government. However, the fundamental differences between the two countries' diplomatic positions make it impossible for the United States to truly succeed in its anti-China plot in Myanmar, and the effect of its aid policy is naturally limited. Through the analysis of the overall situation of Truman's policy towards Myanmar, we can see that it fully served the Cold War policy of the United States towards China. The main purpose of this paper is to reveal the subordinate relationship between Truman Administration and American China policy. The paper is composed of introduction, text and conclusion, in which the text consists of four parts: the first part analyzes the international background of Truman government's policy towards Myanmar. With the development of civil war in China, Korean War and national democratic revolution in Southeast Asia, the Cold War in Asia rose gradually. In order to encircle China, the United States began to formulate specific policies and measures for Southeast Asian countries, and through a series of visits and aid as the main means to implement the relevant economic, cultural and military measures. The second part is the formulation of Truman government's Myanmar policy. The Cold War made the American policy towards Myanmar from negative to positive. The Truman government has sent a number of diplomatic missions to Myanmar. In June 1950, the official document issued by the United States government < the policy statement prepared by the State Department: Myanmar "marked the overall establishment of the United States' policy towards Myanmar, especially its aid policy. Its policy was further improved after the Korean War, concentrated as NSC124/2 (Burma) documents. The third part discusses the implementation of Truman government's Myanmar policy. After the formulation of American aid policy to Myanmar, Truman government began to implement its aid programs and projects in the process of supplementing and perfecting it, mainly in the aspects of economic aid, military cooperation and cultural exchange. The fourth part evaluates Truman government's Myanmar policy in general. Through the analysis of the previous chapter, we can see that the objectives, characteristics and ways of the United States' policy towards Myanmar are diverse, and the United States will choose different ways and highlight different characteristics according to the specific situation, in order to achieve the goal best. Although the United States' policies towards Myanmar have had some effects, such as a certain degree of discord between China and Myanmar and the exclusion of British influence in Myanmar, at the same time it faces great difficulties because of Myanmar's geographical environment and its neutral policy. The effect is limited. American foreign aid is generally criticized because its biggest flaw lies in its political utility and economic hypocrisy.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2

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