美国对华对冲战略的学理分析
发布时间：2018-08-06 16:20
【摘要】：冷战的结束给国际关系理论和实践的发展都带来了巨大的变化。它不仅改变了美苏争霸的两极格局，也改变了国家行为体在国际关系中的国家利益及其参与国际事务的方式。全球化使得国家利益不再是一个紧密的整体，一个国家各方面的利益可能分裂乃至背道而驰。同时，国际制度的建设使得国家间的互动越来越多地通过国际机制来进行，也受到这些机制的制约。国家在国际关系中的权力越来越表现为制度建设的软实力。 国家利益的分裂在东亚地区表现为经济利益与安全利益的不一致。一方面，中国快速的经济发展使区域各国在经济方面受益；另一方面，中国的崛起对冷战时形成的地区安全模式形成了挑战。为应对这种局面，东亚地区的一些国家纷纷采用对冲战略，在同中国进行经济交往合作的同时，在安全领域同中国对抗，以同时维护经济利益和安全利益。 美国虽然不是东亚地区的国家，但其一直深刻介入东亚地区的各种事务。美国对华的对冲战略也是应对冷战后地区乃至全球局势变化的产物，但同东亚各国相比，美国对华的对冲战略具有明显的大国属性。美国一直以现今国际秩序的建立和捍卫者自居，因此，其对华战略表现出极强的塑造中国国家行为的意图，这种塑造以机制化作为战略手段。美国力图利用中国对外开放的契机，将中国纳入其主导的国际机制中，一方面让中国分享一些机制中的公共产品，加强同中国的合作；一方面也要求中国全盘接受美国主导建立的、体现其国家利益和价值观的机制规则，，进而让中国全盘接受当前国际秩序，不对美国的霸权地位进行挑战。 对冲战略的目的在于在保障美国同中国进行合作，赚取国家利益的同时，也防止中国采取单边挑战美国霸权的政策。但全球化向更深更广的领域发展，日益呈现出多层次多中心的特点，美国作为一个国家对其进行掌控的力量正渐渐下降，这对对冲战略的实施形成了阻碍。
[Abstract]:The end of the Cold War brought great changes to the development of international relations theory and practice. It not only changed the bipolar pattern of American and Soviet hegemony, but also changed the national interests of national actors in international relations and the way in which they participated in international affairs. Globalization makes the national interest no longer a close whole, and the interests of all aspects of a country may be divided or even run counter to each other. At the same time, the construction of international system makes the interaction between countries more and more through international mechanisms, but also by the constraints of these mechanisms. The power of the state in international relations is more and more reflected in the soft power of system construction. The division of national interests in East Asia shows that economic interests and security interests are inconsistent. On the one hand, China's rapid economic development benefits the regional economies; on the other hand, China's rise challenges the regional security model formed during the Cold War. In order to deal with this situation, some countries in East Asia have adopted hedging strategy one after another, while carrying out economic exchanges and cooperation with China, and at the same time antagonizing China in the field of security, in order to safeguard both economic and security interests at the same time. Although the United States is not a country in East Asia, it has been deeply involved in various affairs in East Asia. The American hedging strategy against China is also a product of responding to the changes in the regional and even global situation after the Cold War, but compared with the East Asian countries, the hedging strategy of the United States towards China has an obvious attribute of being a great power. The United States has always regarded itself as the foundation and defender of the present international order. Therefore, its strategy towards China shows the intention of shaping China's national behavior strongly, and this shaping takes the institutionalization as the strategic means. The United States tries to take advantage of China's opening to the outside world to bring China into its leading international mechanism. On the one hand, it allows China to share public goods in some mechanisms and strengthen cooperation with China. On the one hand, it also demands that China accept the rules of the mechanism established by the United States to embody its national interests and values, so that China can accept the current international order and not challenge the hegemony of the United States. The purpose of the hedging strategy is to protect the United States from cooperating with China to earn national interests and to prevent China from unilaterally challenging the hegemony of the United States. However, the development of globalization to deeper and wider areas, increasingly showing a multi-level and multi-center characteristics, the United States as a country to control its power is gradually declining, which has formed an obstacle to the implementation of hedging strategy.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2
本文编号：2168280
[Abstract]:The end of the Cold War brought great changes to the development of international relations theory and practice. It not only changed the bipolar pattern of American and Soviet hegemony, but also changed the national interests of national actors in international relations and the way in which they participated in international affairs. Globalization makes the national interest no longer a close whole, and the interests of all aspects of a country may be divided or even run counter to each other. At the same time, the construction of international system makes the interaction between countries more and more through international mechanisms, but also by the constraints of these mechanisms. The power of the state in international relations is more and more reflected in the soft power of system construction. The division of national interests in East Asia shows that economic interests and security interests are inconsistent. On the one hand, China's rapid economic development benefits the regional economies; on the other hand, China's rise challenges the regional security model formed during the Cold War. In order to deal with this situation, some countries in East Asia have adopted hedging strategy one after another, while carrying out economic exchanges and cooperation with China, and at the same time antagonizing China in the field of security, in order to safeguard both economic and security interests at the same time. Although the United States is not a country in East Asia, it has been deeply involved in various affairs in East Asia. The American hedging strategy against China is also a product of responding to the changes in the regional and even global situation after the Cold War, but compared with the East Asian countries, the hedging strategy of the United States towards China has an obvious attribute of being a great power. The United States has always regarded itself as the foundation and defender of the present international order. Therefore, its strategy towards China shows the intention of shaping China's national behavior strongly, and this shaping takes the institutionalization as the strategic means. The United States tries to take advantage of China's opening to the outside world to bring China into its leading international mechanism. On the one hand, it allows China to share public goods in some mechanisms and strengthen cooperation with China. On the one hand, it also demands that China accept the rules of the mechanism established by the United States to embody its national interests and values, so that China can accept the current international order and not challenge the hegemony of the United States. The purpose of the hedging strategy is to protect the United States from cooperating with China to earn national interests and to prevent China from unilaterally challenging the hegemony of the United States. However, the development of globalization to deeper and wider areas, increasingly showing a multi-level and multi-center characteristics, the United States as a country to control its power is gradually declining, which has formed an obstacle to the implementation of hedging strategy.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2
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