联合国中长期选举援助及其功效分析

发布时间：2018-08-16 07:58

【摘要】：选举援助是联合国在冷战后权势拓展的新领域。为协助受援国或地区建立可持续的选举能力和选举制度,联合国选举援助的重点经历了由即时性援助向关注整个选举周期的中长期援助转变的过程。中长期援助主要从两方面入手:国家层面的选举援助以及社会层面的选举援助。国家层面的选举援助旨在建立能够独立筹划、组织和操办国家和地方选举的一系列选举能力和选举制度。社会层面的选举援助则致力于促进公民高质量地、有序地参与整个选举进程,并能够自我组织、自我监督,从而有益于其长久能力的发展。其中,协助受援国或地区选举管理机构的制度和能力建设是最为关键的一个援助领域,在这方面,联合国的工作重点是协助选举管理机构的体系设计和改革,对其机构人员进行能力培训。在世界许多国家和地区,联合国的中长期选举援助取得了显著成效,但也面临如何平衡技术与政治、超越本土知识等巨大挑战。
[Abstract]:Electoral aid is a new area of power for the United Nations after the cold war. In order to help recipient countries or regions to build sustainable electoral capacity and electoral systems, the focus of United Nations electoral assistance has undergone a shift from immediate assistance to medium- and long-term assistance focusing on the entire electoral cycle. Medium-and long-term aid mainly starts from two aspects: electoral aid at the national level and electoral assistance at the social level. Electoral assistance at the national level aims to build a range of electoral capacities and electoral systems capable of independently planning, organizing and conducting national and local elections. Electoral assistance at the social level promotes citizens' participation in the entire electoral process in a high quality and orderly manner, and enables them to organize themselves and supervise themselves, thus contributing to the development of their long-term capabilities. Of these, assistance to recipient countries or regional electoral management bodies in their systems and capacity-building is one of the most critical areas of assistance and, in this regard, the focus of the work of the United Nations is on assisting in the design and reform of electoral management bodies, To train the personnel of their institutions. In many countries and regions of the world, the United Nations' medium- and long-term electoral assistance has achieved remarkable results, but it also faces enormous challenges such as how to balance technology and politics, and how to transcend indigenous knowledge.
【作者单位】：上海社会科学院国际关系研究所;
【基金】：笔者主持的国家社科基金青年项目“外部援助与撒哈拉以南非洲‘弱国家’建设研究”(项目编号:14CGJ027)的阶段性成果上海社科院“国际关系”创新团队资金资助
【分类号】：D813.2

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