试析奥巴马政府对华政策中的现实主义因素
发布时间：2018-08-17 10:39
【摘要】：奥巴马上台以来,中美关系可谓是跌宕起伏。上台初期,由于美国深受经济危机的影响,国内经济发展滞后,国内就业率不断下降,因此,奥巴马政府需要中国的帮助和支持,积极发展同中国的双边关系,两国开局良好。然而,一年之后,奥巴马迫于国内的压力和中期选举,调整了对华策略,由原先的接触策略转变为遏制策略,体现出美国对华政策的“两面性”。总之,奥巴马对华政策就是“接触”与“遏制”相结合的特点。 现实主义理论是国际关系理论中生命力最长,影响力最大的理论之一。现实主义理论的两个重要要素“权力”和“国家利益”对一个国家的对外政策具有决定性作用,一国对外政策的制定是围绕国家利益展开的,同时,在实现国家利益的过程中,必须要以拥有一定的权力为后盾。奥巴马政府的对华政策就是以这两个要素为依据,在执政过程中及时调整对华策略。 本文从现实主义角度解读奥巴马政府的对华政策,共分为四个部分。第一个部分主要是简单的论述了现实主义的确立和发展。第二个部分是阐述了奥巴马上台以来的总体对华政策。第三个部分就是用现实主义理论来解释奥巴马对华政策波动的根本原因。最后一部分提出了面对奥巴马政府对华政策“两面性”的态度,中国应该如何应对。 总之,不管奥巴马政府上台之时对中国的态度有多么积极,这都不可能是长期的。美国任何一届政府的对华政策都不可能出现太大的变动,总体就是需要中国的支持时,就向中国示好;需要借助中国来缓和国内压力时,就在中美敏感问题上大作文章,影响中美关系。但是,我们也可以看到,中美关系的发展势头是良好的,总的大方向还是合作多于遏制。
[Abstract]:Since Obama came to power, the relationship between China and the United States has been ups and downs. At the early stage of taking office, because the United States was deeply affected by the economic crisis, the domestic economic development lagged behind, and the domestic employment rate continued to decline, the Obama administration needed China's help and support to actively develop bilateral relations with China, and the two countries had a good start. However, a year later, under domestic pressure and mid-term elections, Obama adjusted his strategy toward China from the original engagement strategy to a containment strategy, reflecting the "dual character" of the United States' China policy. In short, Obama's China policy is a combination of engagement and containment. Realism is one of the most influential theories in the theory of international relations. The two important elements of realism theory "power" and "national interest" play a decisive role in a country's foreign policy. The formulation of a country's foreign policy is carried out around the national interest, and at the same time, in the process of realizing the national interest, Must be backed by a certain amount of power. The Obama administration's China policy is based on these two elements and adjusts its China strategy in time. This article interprets the Obama administration's China policy from the realistic angle, altogether divides into four parts. The first part mainly discusses the establishment and development of realism. The second part describes Obama's overall China policy since he took office. The third part is the theory of realism to explain the fundamental reasons for the volatility of Obama's China policy. In the last part, the author points out how China should deal with the two-sided attitude of the Obama administration towards China. In short, no matter how positive the Obama administration was towards China when it came to power, it is unlikely to be long-term. It is unlikely that there will be too much change in the policy toward China of any of the US administrations. In general, when China's support is needed, it will show goodwill to China. When it is necessary to resort to China to ease domestic pressure, it will make a great contribution on sensitive issues between China and the United States. Affect the relationship between China and the United States. However, we can also see that the development momentum of Sino-US relations is good, and the overall direction of cooperation is more than containment.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D871.2
本文编号：2187345
[Abstract]:Since Obama came to power, the relationship between China and the United States has been ups and downs. At the early stage of taking office, because the United States was deeply affected by the economic crisis, the domestic economic development lagged behind, and the domestic employment rate continued to decline, the Obama administration needed China's help and support to actively develop bilateral relations with China, and the two countries had a good start. However, a year later, under domestic pressure and mid-term elections, Obama adjusted his strategy toward China from the original engagement strategy to a containment strategy, reflecting the "dual character" of the United States' China policy. In short, Obama's China policy is a combination of engagement and containment. Realism is one of the most influential theories in the theory of international relations. The two important elements of realism theory "power" and "national interest" play a decisive role in a country's foreign policy. The formulation of a country's foreign policy is carried out around the national interest, and at the same time, in the process of realizing the national interest, Must be backed by a certain amount of power. The Obama administration's China policy is based on these two elements and adjusts its China strategy in time. This article interprets the Obama administration's China policy from the realistic angle, altogether divides into four parts. The first part mainly discusses the establishment and development of realism. The second part describes Obama's overall China policy since he took office. The third part is the theory of realism to explain the fundamental reasons for the volatility of Obama's China policy. In the last part, the author points out how China should deal with the two-sided attitude of the Obama administration towards China. In short, no matter how positive the Obama administration was towards China when it came to power, it is unlikely to be long-term. It is unlikely that there will be too much change in the policy toward China of any of the US administrations. In general, when China's support is needed, it will show goodwill to China. When it is necessary to resort to China to ease domestic pressure, it will make a great contribution on sensitive issues between China and the United States. Affect the relationship between China and the United States. However, we can also see that the development momentum of Sino-US relations is good, and the overall direction of cooperation is more than containment.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D871.2
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 张帆;奥巴马首次访华演讲的评价性分析[D];河北师范大学;2012年
，本文编号：2187345
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