美国在中日钓鱼岛争端上“中立政策”的由来与实质

发布时间：2018-08-17 15:14

【摘要】：美国关于钓鱼岛主权问题的中立政策,源于战后初期其单方面处理琉球群岛过程中错误地将中国钓鱼岛包含在其中。冷战爆发及美国对日政策转换之际,日本乘反法西斯盟国出现冲突与分裂之机,索取盟国相关会议、文件规定其放弃的"以暴力或贪欲所攫取"的土地,包括钓鱼岛等,故而造成日本与中、俄、韩之间的领土争端。1970-1972年,尼克松政府明知钓鱼岛属于中国而不属于日本,却私相授受,将钓鱼岛的"施政权"作为"政治礼物"送给了日本,从而严重损害了中国的主权。美国很清楚中国对钓鱼岛拥有主权是有充分依据的,因而在钓鱼岛主权问题上虽未明确站在中国一边,但也从来没有承认过日本拥有钓鱼岛主权。美在表面上采取的是一种"法理层面"的中立立场,实际上并未严格恪守中立,而是按照其对华、对日战略及亚太战略偏袒日本,施压中国。美国这种首鼠两端立场,是中日钓鱼岛争端所由发生以及不断激化的重要根源。
[Abstract]:The neutral policy of the United States on the sovereignty of the Diaoyu Islands stems from the fact that it wrongly included the Chinese Diaoyu Islands in the process of dealing with the Ryukyu Islands unilaterally in the early postwar period. When the Cold War broke out and the United States changed its policy towards Japan, Japan took the opportunity of conflict and secession among its anti-fascist allies to take advantage of the relevant meetings of the allies, and the documents stipulated that the land it had abandoned as "seized by violence or greed", including the Diaoyu Islands, had been abandoned. Therefore, the territorial dispute between Japan and China, Russia, and South Korea. 1970-1972, the Nixon administration, knowing that the Diaoyu Island belonged to China but not Japan, received it privately, giving the Diaoyu Islands "political power" as a "political gift" to Japan. This seriously undermines China's sovereignty. The United States is well aware that China has full basis for its sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands, and therefore has never recognized Japan's sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands, although it has not explicitly sided with China on the issue of sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands. On the surface, the United States has adopted a kind of neutral stance on the "legal level." in fact, it has not strictly adhered to neutrality, but, in accordance with its strategy towards China, its strategy towards Japan and the Asia-Pacific strategy, has been favouring Japan and putting pressure on China. The position of the two ends of the United States is an important source of the dispute between China and Japan.
【作者单位】：武汉大学;国家领土主权与海洋权益协同创新中心;武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院;日本早稻田大学;
【分类号】：D871.2

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