“弥赛亚意识”与俄罗斯“大国主义”外交

发布时间：2018-08-20 17:33

【摘要】：俄罗斯外交一直以其鲜明的"大国主义"强硬作风为世人所知,除了国家实力和国际环境的变化等因素之外,文化尤其是东正教文化及其核心教义"弥赛亚意识",对俄罗斯外交产生了持续而深刻的影响。一方面,它带给俄罗斯人强烈的民族自尊心与自豪感,这影响了他们对其国家利益与国际地位的判断,恢复大国地位一直是俄罗斯对外政策的首要目标;另一方面,在"弥赛亚意识"的作用下,俄罗斯人天生具有一种崇拜强权人物的心理和对集权政治的惯性容忍,这种特有的文化心理影响了俄罗斯的对外决策机制,使其总统在对外决策上拥有绝对的控制权。可以说,在漫长的历史进程中,"弥赛亚意识"已经成为俄罗斯民族性格中的稳定成分。冷战结束后,随着俄罗斯民族复兴和东正教的回归,"弥赛亚意识"必将越来越深入地作用于俄罗斯外交。
[Abstract]:Russian diplomacy has always been known to the world for its distinctive "great-power" hardline style, except for factors such as national strength and changes in the international environment. Culture, especially Orthodox culture and its core doctrine, Messiah consciousness, have exerted a lasting and profound influence on Russian diplomacy. On the one hand, it has given Russians a strong sense of national pride and pride, which has affected their judgment on their national interests and international status, and restoring their status as a major power has always been the primary objective of Russia's foreign policy; on the other hand, Under the influence of "Messiah consciousness", the Russian people are born with a kind of psychology of worshipping powerful people and inertia tolerance of totalitarian politics. This special cultural psychology has influenced Russia's foreign decision-making mechanism. Give its president absolute control over foreign decisions. It can be said that in the long historical process, the Messiah consciousness has become a stable element in the Russian national character. After the Cold War, with the revival of the Russian nation and the return of the Orthodox Church, the "Messiah consciousness" will play a more and more important role in Russian diplomacy.
【作者单位】：清华大学国际关系研究院;清华大学中国对外政策研究中心;清华大学国际关系学系;
【基金】：清华大学亚洲研究中心“2014年青年项目”资助
【分类号】：D851.2

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