美国中东政策研究（1967-1974）
发布时间：2018-09-12 11:17
【摘要】： 阿以冲突一直是导致中东地区局势动荡、战火不断的重要原因之一。阿以问题能够从冷战之初、后冷战时代直至走到今天,这是因为随着国际局势的发展,不断有新的因素被注入到阿以问题中,从而衍生出新的问题和矛盾,并对世界局势产生重大影响。同样阿以冲突也主导并影响着美国中东政策的发展和变化。在冷战时期,美国希望中东成为保卫自由世界、抵抗共产主义和苏联势力侵入的主要阵地,但是阿以间的矛盾一直是美国制定冷战政策不得不考虑的一个重要因素,因此美国历届政府都十分重视解决阿以问题。 本文主要是对1967年到1974年美国中东政策进行研究,利用大量原始解密文件并借鉴相关的研究成果,试图叙述中东地区阿以冲突的国际背景和美国遏制苏联的冷战政策,阐述从约翰逊政府后期到尼克松政府时期美国中东政策发展变化的过程,进而揭示美国中东政策与中东局势发展之间的互动关系。 本文在综合运用历史学和国际关系等学科理论的基础上,对美国政府解密文件进行了细致缜密地梳理和分析,最终试图说明问题如下:(1)由于正值越南战争,美国对六日战争的态度由最初的“克制”变成后来“默许”,变相同意了以色列对埃及等阿拉伯国家发动突然袭击;(2)约旦危机是对尼克松政府的一次重大考验,同时尼克松政府成功地处理危机,这为抵制苏联影响、协调阿以关系政策的实施奠定了基础;(3)十月战争的爆发极大地震惊了美国政府,特别是阿拉伯国家的石油武器成为影响美国调整中东政策的一个重要因素;(4)美国中东政策的制定和实行与美国同苏联、以色列、阿拉伯国家关系有着密切的联系;(5)美国政府内部对政策制定的不同主张,在一定程度上影响了美国中东政策的发展和变化。
[Abstract]:The Arab-Israeli conflict has been one of the major causes of instability and continuous fighting in the Middle East. The Arab-Israeli problem can go from the beginning of the Cold War, the post-Cold War era to the present day. This is because with the development of the international situation, new factors are constantly being injected into the Arab-Israeli issue, thus giving rise to new problems and contradictions. And have a major impact on the world situation. In the same way, the Arab-Israeli conflict also dominates and influences the development and change of American Middle East policy. During the Cold War, the United States hoped that the Middle East would become the main position to defend the free world and resist the invasion of communism and Soviet forces. However, the Arab-Israeli conflict has always been an important factor that the United States has to consider in formulating its Cold War policy. As a result, successive US administrations have attached great importance to resolving the Arab-Israeli issue. This paper mainly studies the American Middle East policy from 1967 to 1974. By using a large number of original declassified documents and relevant research results, this paper tries to describe the international background of the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East region and the Cold War policy of the United States to contain the Soviet Union. This paper expounds the process of the development and change of American Middle East policy from the later period of Johnson Administration to the Nixon Administration, and further reveals the interactive relationship between American Middle East Policy and Middle East situation. On the basis of synthetically applying the theories of history and international relations, this paper combs and analyzes the documents declassified by the US government in detail and meticulously, and finally tries to explain the following problems: (1) due to the Vietnam War, The attitude of the United States towards the Six-Day War was changed from "restraint" to "acquiescence", which allowed Israel to launch a surprise attack on Egypt and other Arab countries; (2) the Jordanian crisis was a major test for the Nixon administration. At the same time, the Nixon administration successfully handled the crisis, which laid the foundation for resisting the Soviet influence and coordinating the implementation of Arab-Israeli relations policy. (3) the outbreak of the October war greatly shocked the American government. In particular, the oil weapons of the Arab countries have become an important factor affecting the adjustment of the United States' Middle East policy; (4) the formulation and implementation of the United States' Middle East policy and that of the United States, the Soviet Union and Israel, The relations between Arab countries are closely related; (5) the different opinions of the American government on policy making influence the development and change of American Middle East policy to some extent.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D871.2;D815.4
本文编号：2238839
[Abstract]:The Arab-Israeli conflict has been one of the major causes of instability and continuous fighting in the Middle East. The Arab-Israeli problem can go from the beginning of the Cold War, the post-Cold War era to the present day. This is because with the development of the international situation, new factors are constantly being injected into the Arab-Israeli issue, thus giving rise to new problems and contradictions. And have a major impact on the world situation. In the same way, the Arab-Israeli conflict also dominates and influences the development and change of American Middle East policy. During the Cold War, the United States hoped that the Middle East would become the main position to defend the free world and resist the invasion of communism and Soviet forces. However, the Arab-Israeli conflict has always been an important factor that the United States has to consider in formulating its Cold War policy. As a result, successive US administrations have attached great importance to resolving the Arab-Israeli issue. This paper mainly studies the American Middle East policy from 1967 to 1974. By using a large number of original declassified documents and relevant research results, this paper tries to describe the international background of the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East region and the Cold War policy of the United States to contain the Soviet Union. This paper expounds the process of the development and change of American Middle East policy from the later period of Johnson Administration to the Nixon Administration, and further reveals the interactive relationship between American Middle East Policy and Middle East situation. On the basis of synthetically applying the theories of history and international relations, this paper combs and analyzes the documents declassified by the US government in detail and meticulously, and finally tries to explain the following problems: (1) due to the Vietnam War, The attitude of the United States towards the Six-Day War was changed from "restraint" to "acquiescence", which allowed Israel to launch a surprise attack on Egypt and other Arab countries; (2) the Jordanian crisis was a major test for the Nixon administration. At the same time, the Nixon administration successfully handled the crisis, which laid the foundation for resisting the Soviet influence and coordinating the implementation of Arab-Israeli relations policy. (3) the outbreak of the October war greatly shocked the American government. In particular, the oil weapons of the Arab countries have become an important factor affecting the adjustment of the United States' Middle East policy; (4) the formulation and implementation of the United States' Middle East policy and that of the United States, the Soviet Union and Israel, The relations between Arab countries are closely related; (5) the different opinions of the American government on policy making influence the development and change of American Middle East policy to some extent.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D871.2;D815.4
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 高伟;1970年中东恐怖活动对尼克松政府“缓和”政策的挑战[D];山东师范大学;2012年
2 王跃蓁;美国对埃及援助及美埃关系研究（1969-1977）[D];暨南大学;2012年
3 张华玉;十月战争时期的美国中东政策研究[D];华中师范大学;2013年
，本文编号：2238839
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