中东动荡中的美国因素

发布时间：2018-09-18 09:16

【摘要】：中东动荡中的美国因素是中东研究中的一个无法回避的问题，也是美国对外政策研究中的重要组成部分。作为一个重点、难点课题，中东问题引起相关学者们的关注和研究已经有半个多世纪之久，至今尚未得到解决，并且随着当前这场中东革命而使问题变得更加复杂，，矛盾也更加严重。引起当前这场动荡的原因，美国因素在动荡中起着重要的作用。这是因为，中东地区历来就是美国在全球的重要战略地区,同时中东地区也是美国等西方国家的重要能源基地。从这个角度讲，美国插手中东事务，成为解决美国利益问题的重要手段。论文分为三个部分展开：第一章：主要从中东是美国等西方国家的能源基地、保障以色列国家安全的角度和维持中东政治力量的平衡对美国在中东的战略进行阐述。其中对维持中东政治力量的平衡的阐述将是本章的重点，这是保障美国等西方国家的能源基地和保障以色列国家安全的根本。而实现这些目标的前提是防止伊朗在中东地区的做大做强和拥有核武器。第二章：对美国在中东地区动荡各国实施不同政策进行具体分析，找出美国实施国别政策的共同点和不同点，进而得出美国实施双重政策是先前及当前这场中东动荡的关键因素和决定性因素。第三章：通过概述中东动荡对中东大国的影响，阐述中东动荡对中东力量格局的重塑，继而分析此次中东动荡对美国未来中东政策的影响。从中我们可以看出美国在中东地区实施的战略主要由维护西方国家的能源安全，保障以色列国家安全，维持中东地区政治力量平衡等几个部分组成。而维持中东地区政治力量平衡是指不允许中东地区任何一国称霸中东（当前主要针对伊朗），来威胁到美国和西方国家的能源安全和危害以色列的国家安全，这是美国实施中东政策的一个基本原则，也是政策的关键。为实现上述目标，基于当前国家利益考虑，美国对中东地区动荡各国呈现出以打压和扶持为特征的双重标准。这也是当前中东地区国家持续动荡的重要原因。这次中东动荡产生的意义将是深刻而持久的。首先，中东局势的持续动荡，埃及、利比亚、叙利亚政治前景的不明朗，会使以色列的国家安全面临着更大的威胁，这将迫使美国增加对以色列的军事、经济支持和援助，从而影响未来美国与阿拉伯国家关系。其次，中东局势的持续动荡，将迫使伊朗更加坚定地开发、研制核武器，从而使未来的美国与伊朗关系更加充满风险，削弱伊朗的在中东地区的影响将会变得异常困难。第三，中东局势的持续动荡加剧了世界能源市场的紧张，高油价将会威胁到美国、西欧和乃至世界经济的复苏。加强对中东动荡的研究，对于确保我国从中东地区的能源进口，以及对于维护好我国西部边疆省份的国家安全、领土完整和社会稳定意义重大。
[Abstract]:American factor in Middle East turbulence is an unavoidable problem in Middle East study and an important part of American foreign policy research. As an important and difficult topic, the Middle East issue has attracted the attention and research of the relevant scholars for more than half a century, and has not been solved yet, and with the current Middle East revolution, the problem has become more complicated. The contradiction is even more serious. The American factor plays an important role in the current turmoil. This is because the Middle East region has always been an important strategic region for the United States in the world, and the Middle East region is also an important energy base for the United States and other Western countries. From this point of view, American intervention in Middle East affairs has become an important means of solving American interests. The thesis is divided into three parts: the first chapter: the Middle East is the energy base of the United States and other Western countries, the point of view of safeguarding Israel's national security and maintaining the balance of political power in the Middle East, the strategy of the United States in the Middle East is expounded. The key point of this chapter is to maintain the balance of political power in the Middle East, which is the fundamental to guarantee the energy base of the United States and other western countries and to safeguard the national security of Israel. These goals will be achieved only if Iran is prevented from becoming bigger and stronger in the Middle East and possessing nuclear weapons. Chapter two: to analyze the different policies of the United States in the Middle East region, and find out the common points and differences of the national policies of the United States. Then it is concluded that the dual policy of the United States is the key factor and decisive factor of the previous and current Middle East turmoil. Chapter three: by summarizing the influence of the Middle East turbulence on the Middle East powers, the paper expounds the remolding of the Middle East power pattern by the Middle East turbulence, and then analyzes the influence of the Middle East turbulence on the future Middle East policy of the United States. From this, we can see that the strategy of the United States in the Middle East mainly consists of maintaining the energy security of the western countries, safeguarding the national security of Israel, and maintaining the political balance of power in the Middle East region. While maintaining the political balance of power in the Middle East region means not allowing any country in the Middle East region to dominate the Middle East (currently mainly aimed at Iran) to threaten the energy security of the United States and Western countries and endanger the national security of Israel. This is a basic principle of American Middle East policy, is also the key of policy. In order to achieve this goal, considering the current national interests, the United States presents a double standard of repression and support for the volatile countries in the Middle East region. This is also an important reason for the ongoing turmoil in the Middle East. The implications of this Middle East turmoil will be profound and lasting. First, the continued instability in the Middle East and the uncertainty over the political prospects of Egypt, Libya and Syria will pose a greater threat to Israel's national security, which will force the United States to increase its military, economic support and aid to Israel. This will affect future relations between the United States and Arab countries. Second, continued instability in the Middle East will force Iran to develop and develop nuclear weapons more firmly, making future U.S.-Iran relations more risky and making it extremely difficult to weaken Iran's influence in the Middle East. Third, the continuing turmoil in the Middle East has heightened tensions in world energy markets, with high oil prices threatening the recovery of the United States, Western Europe and the world economy. It is of great significance to strengthen the study of Middle East turbulence to ensure China's energy import from the Middle East and to safeguard the national security, territorial integrity and social stability of the western frontier provinces of China.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D815.4

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