九一一事件之后美国意识形态输出战略研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 09:18

【摘要】：美国的对外战略自始至终都有一个重心:美国的意识形态输出。即把美国的意识形态、民主制度推向世界,力图按照美国的设想建造一个美国化的世界,这是美国人的“世界梦”。美国例外论是美国意识形态输出的理论基石,而民主和平论则为美国的意识形态输出提供了理论支撑,九一一事件之后,国际政治经济局势发生了巨大变化,美国相应的在意识形态输出方面也做出了较大的变动。在进一步研究九一一事件之后美国意识形态输出的变化与加强之前,充分了解美国意识形态输出的概况,对过往美国意识形态的特点、原因以及意识形态输出的方式进行分析,具有重要的意义。九一一事件之后小布什和奥巴马政府,在意识形态输出方面做出了比之以往较大的变化,这和九一一事件前后的国际大背景有很大的关系:美国独大、想随心所欲的行动、恐怖活动的猖獗等等,这都给美国改变输出战略提供了条件。小布什政府崇尚力量输出,手段更激进,武力输出改造、颜色革命、大中东民主计划,单边主义与先发制人显露无遗。奥巴马政府上台时内忧外患,金融危机与小布什政府遗留下来的伊拉克和阿富汗战争的烂摊子,不得不改变:以退为进,改变强扩张的策略,采取更加柔和的手段,提出“负责任主权”、借“巧实力”外交进行“价值观外交”、依托亚太再平衡战略输出意识形态,换汤不换药。特朗普自竞选开始就表示不会重视意识形态输出,高呼“美国优先”,但实际上让美国再次强大就是最好的输出手段。当前世界的主要冲突与矛盾几乎都与美国的意识形态输出、民主输出有这样或那样的联系,美国的意识形态输出战略对美国、对世界都产生了重要的影响。加强对九一一事件之后美国意识形态输出战略的研究,分析美国意识形态输出战略的变化规律,预测可能的变化趋势,对中国的和平发展具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:America's foreign strategy has a center of gravity from beginning to end: the output of American ideology. It is American's "world dream" to push American ideology and democracy to the world and try to build an Americanized world according to American imagination. The exceptionalism of the United States is the theoretical cornerstone of the export of American ideology, while the theory of democratic peace provides the theoretical support for the export of ideology by the United States. After the September 11 incident, the international political and economic situation has undergone tremendous changes. The United States has also made great changes in its ideological exports. Before further studying the changes and strengthening of the US ideology export after the September 11 incident, we should fully understand the general situation of the US ideology export, and analyze the characteristics, causes, and ways of exporting the ideology of the United States in the past. It is of great significance. After the September 11 attacks, the Bush and Obama administrations have made greater changes in the output of ideology than in the past. This has a lot to do with the international context before and after the September 11 incident: the United States is the sole power and wants to act as it wishes. The rampant terrorist activities and so on, all these provide the condition for the United States to change its export strategy. The Bush administration advocates the export of power, means more radical, the export of force transformation, color revolution, the Greater Middle East democratic plan, unilateralism and pre-emptive. When the Obama administration came to power, internal and external troubles, the financial crisis and the mess of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan left over by the Bush administration had to be changed: to step back, to change the strategy of strong expansion, and to take softer measures. Put forward "responsible sovereignty", carry on "value diplomacy" by "skillful strength" diplomacy, rely on Asia-Pacific rebalance strategy export ideology, change soup without changing medicine. Trump has said since the start of the campaign that he will not value ideological exports, chanting "America first," but actually making the United States strong again is the best way to export it. At present, the major conflicts and contradictions in the world are almost all related to the export of American ideology, and the export of democracy is related in one way or another. The American strategy of exporting ideology has an important impact on the United States and the world as a whole. It is of great significance for the peaceful development of China to strengthen the research on the export strategy of American ideology after the events of September 11, analyze the changing law of the export strategy of American ideology, and predict the possible trend of change.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D871.2

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