区域公共产品与东亚卫生合作（2002-2009）
发布时间：2018-09-18 17:54
【摘要】： 2002-2003年爆发的SARS危机深刻揭示了传染病在全球化背景下的巨大威力。这场危机已经过去7年,但是艾滋病、高致病性禽流感、甲型H1N1流感等各类新发和复发传染病依旧在不断威胁着人类的健康与安全,也在悄然影响着国家间的政治经济交往。公共卫生正在日益成为影响国际关系的一个重要变量。 东亚是受SARS危机打击最严重的地区。危机意识薄弱,公共卫生水平低下,国家间协调与合作不力,都加重了东亚地区在面对公共卫生危机时的脆弱性。不过,与1997年金融危机不同的是,东亚国家在危机期间就迅速达成一致,主要依靠域内国家的通力合作成功抵御了这场危机。东亚卫生合作正是从SARS危机期间建立区域联防联控机制起步的。这一案例为研究区域公共产品的有效供给对地区稳定与繁荣的作用,以及区域公共产品与地区合作和地区一体化的关系提供了生动的素材和启发性的思考。 区域公共产品理论是研究和解释地区合作和地区一体化趋势的一个新的理论视角。在国际公共产品供给不足的情况下,由域内国家联合起来对适用于本地区、服务于本地区的相关区域公共产品进行筹措、融资和管理的做法,将是今后国际关系中的一大趋势。区域公共产品的政策含义在于,国家可以通过为公共产品承担一定的成本而不是“搭便车”的做法,来分享地区机制建设的收益。参与区域公共产品的供给,推动地区合作,对东亚国家来说同样具有吸引力。 不过,东亚合作过程中所面临的政治安全因素、价值认同因素和域外因素这三大障碍决定了东亚区域公共产品的供给不是市场内在的需求,与欧盟和北美自由贸易区相比,由危机推动东亚区域公共产品供给的特征十分明显。因此,东亚一体化复制欧盟从自由贸易区、关税同盟、共同市场、经济与货币联盟到完全经济一体化的“五段论模式”是不现实的。东亚合作必须寻找新的突破点。 从公共卫生入手扩充东亚的区域公共产品是一个新思路。公共卫生是一个充满善意的领域,它关乎健康、生存、安全的人类共同价值,在这个非政治、非传统、非典型的领域里提供区域公共产品可以降低东亚国家间合作的壁垒与成本,培养信任基础,为进一步扩大合作机制摸索探路。从这个意义上说,在公共卫生领域提供区域公共产品对东亚合作和一体化具有先导作用。本文的论述就是从理论和事实两个方面来证明,卫生公共产品的供给能够对地区政治和经济产生积极的外部收益,以卫生合作为突破口,是推动东亚走向全面合作的有效路径。 对中国的地区战略来说,同样也必须重视公共卫生。中国外交在SARS危机期间的得失对比恰恰证明,为区域卫生公共产品做贡献更容易赢得邻国的尊重。中国的“地区大国责任”如何以更令邻国信服的、放心的、欢迎的方式来体现,这是对中国外交智慧的考验。本文最后的观点是,积极主动地提供区域公共产品是中国为地区做贡献的主要途径,公共卫生尽管不是中国外交战略的重点,但却应当成为中国区域公共产品供给中的优先序列对象。 东亚卫生合作的时间并不长,区域卫生公共产品的成果有限。因此,本文从区域公共产品的角度切入对东亚卫生合作的研究,很大程度上是探索性、启发性和思考性的。无论如何,公共卫生是一个值得在理论和实践中引起重视的新领域。
[Abstract]:The SARS crisis in 2002-2003 has profoundly revealed the enormous power of infectious diseases in the context of globalization. It has been seven years since the crisis, but new and recurrent infectious diseases such as AIDS, highly pathogenic avian influenza, influenza A (H1N1) continue to threaten human health and security, and quietly affect the political economy among countries. Public health is increasingly becoming an important variable affecting international relations.
East Asia is the worst hit by the SARS crisis. Weak crisis awareness, low level of public health, and weak coordination and cooperation among countries all aggravate the vulnerability of the region in the face of public health crises. East Asian health cooperation started with the establishment of regional joint defense and control mechanism during the SARS crisis. This case provides a livelihood for studying the role of effective supply of regional public goods in regional stability and prosperity, and the relationship between regional public goods and regional cooperation and regional integration. Moving material and inspiring thinking.
The theory of regional public goods is a new theoretical perspective to study and explain the trend of regional cooperation and regional integration.Under the circumstance of insufficient supply of international public goods, the countries within the region should unite to raise, finance and manage the public goods applicable to the region and serving the region concerned. The policy implication of regional public goods is that the state can share the benefits of regional mechanism building by taking certain costs for public goods rather than by "hitchhiking". Participating in the supply of regional public goods and promoting regional cooperation are equally attractive to East Asian countries.
However, the political security factors, value identification factors and extraterritorial factors in the process of East Asian cooperation determine that the supply of public goods in East Asia is not an inherent demand of the market. Compared with the European Union and the North American Free Trade Area, the crisis-driven supply of public goods in East Asia is very obvious. It is unrealistic to replicate the EU's "five-syllogism" model from free trade zones, customs unions, common markets, economic and monetary unions to full economic integration.
It is a new idea to expand the regional public goods in East Asia from the perspective of public health.Public health is a field full of goodwill,which concerns the common values of health,survival and safety of mankind.Providing regional public goods in this non-political,non-traditional and non-typical field can reduce the barriers and costs of cooperation among East Asian countries. In this sense, the provision of regional public goods in the field of public health plays a leading role in East Asian cooperation and integration. The external income, taking health cooperation as a breakthrough, is an effective way to promote East Asia's comprehensive cooperation.
China's diplomacy during the SARS crisis has proved that it is easier to win the respect of its neighbors by contributing to regional public health products. China's diplomatic wisdom is tested. The final point of this paper is that the active provision of regional public goods is the main way for China to contribute to the region. Public health, though not the focus of China's diplomatic strategy, should be the priority in the supply of regional public goods in China.
The time of East Asian health cooperation is not long, and the achievements of regional health public goods are limited. Therefore, the study of East Asian health cooperation from the perspective of regional public goods is to a large extent exploratory, inspiring and thinking.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D814.1
本文编号：2248670
[Abstract]:The SARS crisis in 2002-2003 has profoundly revealed the enormous power of infectious diseases in the context of globalization. It has been seven years since the crisis, but new and recurrent infectious diseases such as AIDS, highly pathogenic avian influenza, influenza A (H1N1) continue to threaten human health and security, and quietly affect the political economy among countries. Public health is increasingly becoming an important variable affecting international relations.
East Asia is the worst hit by the SARS crisis. Weak crisis awareness, low level of public health, and weak coordination and cooperation among countries all aggravate the vulnerability of the region in the face of public health crises. East Asian health cooperation started with the establishment of regional joint defense and control mechanism during the SARS crisis. This case provides a livelihood for studying the role of effective supply of regional public goods in regional stability and prosperity, and the relationship between regional public goods and regional cooperation and regional integration. Moving material and inspiring thinking.
The theory of regional public goods is a new theoretical perspective to study and explain the trend of regional cooperation and regional integration.Under the circumstance of insufficient supply of international public goods, the countries within the region should unite to raise, finance and manage the public goods applicable to the region and serving the region concerned. The policy implication of regional public goods is that the state can share the benefits of regional mechanism building by taking certain costs for public goods rather than by "hitchhiking". Participating in the supply of regional public goods and promoting regional cooperation are equally attractive to East Asian countries.
However, the political security factors, value identification factors and extraterritorial factors in the process of East Asian cooperation determine that the supply of public goods in East Asia is not an inherent demand of the market. Compared with the European Union and the North American Free Trade Area, the crisis-driven supply of public goods in East Asia is very obvious. It is unrealistic to replicate the EU's "five-syllogism" model from free trade zones, customs unions, common markets, economic and monetary unions to full economic integration.
It is a new idea to expand the regional public goods in East Asia from the perspective of public health.Public health is a field full of goodwill,which concerns the common values of health,survival and safety of mankind.Providing regional public goods in this non-political,non-traditional and non-typical field can reduce the barriers and costs of cooperation among East Asian countries. In this sense, the provision of regional public goods in the field of public health plays a leading role in East Asian cooperation and integration. The external income, taking health cooperation as a breakthrough, is an effective way to promote East Asia's comprehensive cooperation.
China's diplomacy during the SARS crisis has proved that it is easier to win the respect of its neighbors by contributing to regional public health products. China's diplomatic wisdom is tested. The final point of this paper is that the active provision of regional public goods is the main way for China to contribute to the region. Public health, though not the focus of China's diplomatic strategy, should be the priority in the supply of regional public goods in China.
The time of East Asian health cooperation is not long, and the achievements of regional health public goods are limited. Therefore, the study of East Asian health cooperation from the perspective of regional public goods is to a large extent exploratory, inspiring and thinking.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D814.1
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 傅干;区域公共产品视域下的朝鲜与东北亚合作研究[D];复旦大学;2012年
，本文编号：2248670
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