中国参与国际核不扩散机制分析

发布时间：2018-10-26 21:46

【摘要】：国际核不扩散机制是指国际社会为防止核扩散、推动核裁军和核军控而制订的所有国家与国际的法律、条约、协定和所成立的机构的总和。该机制正式形成的标志是1968年《不扩散核武器条约》(NPT)的签订,经过数十年不断发展完善,目前已经形成一套以《不扩散核武器条约》为基石、国际原子能机构为主要执行保障机构、包含一系列相关条约和组织机构的完整机制。国际核不扩散机制的特点是广泛性、有效性、不公正性和不完备性。该机制在控制和减少核武器国家数量、促进原子能的和平利用方面发挥了重要作用,为维护地区和世界和平稳定做出了积极贡献;但该机制从本质上说具有不公正性,一些法律条约内容和组织机构职能也有待完善。对于国际核不扩散机制,中国经历了全面抵制、部分参与到全面参与的过程,这是中国的国家利益决定的,是不同时期国际体系结构、国际体系进程、国家安全观念等众多因素综合作用的结果。中国参与国际核不扩散机制取得了巨大成就,保障了国家安全利益,树立了良好的国际形象,扩大了参与国际机制的途径,增加了参与国际事务可利用的资源。同时,中国也面临着一些挑战,如在机制中的话语权不足,危害国家利益的风险依然存在,超级大国利用核不扩散问题推行霸权主义等。未来在参与机制的过程中,中国需要增加在机制内的话语权,处理好国家利益和国际义务的关系,防范超级大国推行双重标准和霸权主义,从而更好地维护中国的国家利益和全人类的共同利益。
[Abstract]:The international nuclear non-proliferation regime refers to the sum of all national and international laws, treaties, agreements and institutions established by the international community to prevent nuclear proliferation and promote nuclear disarmament and arms control. The official symbol of this mechanism is the signing of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons (NPT) in 1968. After decades of continuous development and improvement, it has now formed a set of building blocks based on the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is the main safeguards enforcement agency and includes a full range of relevant treaties and institutional mechanisms. The international nuclear non-proliferation regime is characterized by universality, effectiveness, injustice and incompleteness. This mechanism has played an important role in controlling and reducing the number of nuclear-weapon States and promoting the peaceful use of atomic energy, and has made positive contributions to the maintenance of regional and world peace and stability; However, the mechanism is essentially unfair, and some legal treaty contents and organizational functions need to be improved. With regard to the international nuclear non-proliferation regime, China has experienced an overall boycott and partially participated in the process of full participation. This is determined by China's national interests. It is the structure of the international system and the process of the international system at different times. The result of the combined action of many factors, such as the concept of national security. China's participation in the international nuclear non-proliferation regime has made great achievements, guaranteed the interests of national security, established a good international image, expanded the channels for participation in international mechanisms, and increased the resources available for participation in international affairs. At the same time, China is also faced with some challenges, such as the lack of voice in the mechanism, the risk of harming the national interests still exists, the superpower uses the nuclear non-proliferation issue to promote hegemonism and so on. In the future, in the process of participating in the mechanism, China needs to increase its voice in the mechanism, handle the relationship between national interests and international obligations, and guard against the implementation of double standards and hegemonism by the superpowers. In order to better safeguard China's national interests and the common interests of all mankind.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D815.2;D822

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