21世纪初期美国国会影响对华决策机制的研究

发布时间：2018-11-11 14:46

【摘要】：进入21世纪以来,中美关系起起伏伏,经历了许多变动。根据美国宪法规定,国会拥有立法、监督、财政拨款等多项权力,因而国会在参与外交决策的过程中享有发言权。近十年来,美国国会在对华政策中扮演着不可替代的角色,在许多重要事件上大有与总统争夺对华政策主导权的趋势。本文首先介绍了美国国会影响美国外交决策的主要方式,然后分析了21世纪初期美国国会影响美国对华决策机制的发展变化,并从宏观、中观以及微观层面阐述了其成因。最后笔者提出了21世纪初期美国国会影响对华决策机制的新特点,共体现为三点：第一,“自主的国会”积极参与美国外交决策机制,国会的议员领袖们掌握着决策“风向标”。第二,“自制的国会”具有内部制衡机制,国会委员会的内部斗争十分激烈,不少重要的决策甚至因此夭折。第三,“国会蓝军”发挥着幕后推手的作用,议员助理们通过各种方式渗透到对华决策的进程当中。
[Abstract]:Since entering the 21 st century, Sino-US relations have experienced many changes and ups and downs. Under the U.S. Constitution, Congress has many powers, such as legislation, oversight, and financial allocations, so Congress has a say in the diplomatic decision-making process. In the past ten years, the United States Congress has played an irreplaceable role in China policy, and has a tendency to compete with the President for the leading power over China policy in many important events. This paper first introduces the main ways in which the US Congress influences the US diplomatic decision-making, then analyzes the development and changes of the US Congressional influence on the US decision-making mechanism towards China in the early 21st century, and expounds its causes from the macro, meso and micro levels. Finally, the author puts forward the new characteristics of the US Congress' influence on the decision-making mechanism toward China in the early 21st century, which is embodied in three aspects: first, the "independent Congress" actively participates in the US diplomatic decision-making mechanism. Congressional leaders hold the decision-making vane. Second, the "self-made Congress" has internal checks and balances, and the internal struggle of congressional committees is so fierce that many important decisions are even aborted. Third, the Blue Army of Congress plays a role as a driving force, and Congressional assistants infiltrate the decision-making process towards China in various ways.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D871.2

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