论老挝中立的演变（1962-1973）

发布时间：2018-11-13 11:54

【摘要】：本文从国际法的视角,结合以美国、中国苏联北越为代表的两大社会阵营对老挝政策的演变及其对老挝的影响,来研究1962年至1973年老挝中立的演变。从1954—1975年,在印度支那地区先后爆发两次越南战争。老挝虽然是印度支那一个内陆小国,却因其重要的战略地位受到美国、中国、北越等国的重视,成为越南战争的副战场。老挝中立问题起源于1954年和1962年召开的两次日内瓦国际会议,并且以“日内瓦协议”的形式确立了老挝的中立国地位。但在1962—1973年间,由于美、中、苏、越等国对老挝政策的不断调整,使老挝国内政治局势的不断变动,这一时期老挝的中立国地位受到不断的破坏。随着1973年美国、北越等各方在巴黎签订的《关于在越南结束战争、恢复和平的协定》,美国退出印度支那战争,使老挝重新获得中立地位。但好景不长,1975年老挝人民革命党赢得老挝社会主义革命胜利,建立起社会主义国家——老挝人民民主共和国。本文研究的资料来源包括新解密的美国外交关系档案(FRUS)和原苏联外交档案,《印度支那问题文件集》,重要人物的回忆录以及关于此问题的国内外最新研究成果等。由于笔者不懂老挝文和越南文,使本文在当事国的资料方面有一定的不足,是本文的一大缺陷。但笔者尽量收集到了越南、老挝两国的中译本资料,稍微弥补了这一不足。老挝中立的演变,反映了两大社会阵营在印度支那地区的角逐,以及在老挝展开争夺的一个缩影。老挝中立破产的悲剧,一方面是大国在老挝纵横捭阖,肆意践踏国际法的结果；另一方面也是老挝走向革命,实行一边倒政策的结果。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of international law, this paper studies the evolution of Laos neutrality from 1962 to 1973 by combining the evolution of Laos policy and the influence of the two major social camps, represented by the United States and North Vietnam of China, on Laos. From 1954 to 1975, two Vietnam wars broke out in the Indochina area. Although Laos is a small landlocked country in Indochina, because of its important strategic position, it has been attached importance to by the United States, China, North Vietnam and other countries, and has become a deputy battlefield of the Vietnam War. The issue of Laos' neutrality originated from the two Geneva international conferences held in 1954 and 1962 and established Laos as a neutral country in the form of the Geneva Agreement. However, from 1962 to 1973, due to the constant adjustment of the policies of the United States, China, the Soviet Union and Vietnam towards Laos, the domestic political situation of Laos was constantly changing, and the status of Laos as a neutral country was constantly undermined during this period. With the Agreement on ending the War and restoring Peace in Vietnam signed in Paris in 1973 by the United States and North Vietnam, the United States withdrew from the Indochina War and made Laos regain its neutral status. However, in 1975, the Lao people's Revolutionary Party won the victory of the Lao Socialist Revolution and established the socialist country, the Lao people's Democratic Republic. The data sources of this paper include the newly declassified American diplomatic relations archives (FRUS) and the former Soviet diplomatic archives, the Indochina problem File Collection, the memoirs of important figures and the latest research results at home and abroad on this issue. Because the author does not understand the Lao and Vietnamese languages, this paper has some deficiencies in the information of the country concerned, which is a big defect of this paper. However, the author tries to collect the Chinese translation data of Vietnam and Laos, which make up for this deficiency. The evolution of Laos's neutrality reflects the rivalry between the two social blocs in the Indochina region and in Laos. The tragedy of Laos' neutral bankruptcy is, on the one hand, the result of the great powers manipulating in Laos and trampling on international law wantonly; on the other hand, it is also the result of Laos's one-sided policy.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D833.4

【参考文献】