冷战后中国预防性外交研究

发布时间：2018-11-13 13:54

【摘要】：“预防性外交”这个概念在20世纪60年代被联合国秘书长达格·哈马舍尔德（DagHammarskjold）首次提出来，其当时的含义指的是在东西方冷战区域以外的地区发生争端，联合国应该介入，以防止美苏两个超级大国插手而引起更大规模的冲突。这一提法在当时并没有获得广泛关注。冷战结束后联合国秘书长加利在其名为《和平纲领》的文件中重提“预防性外交”这个概念并进行了比较详细的论述，丰富了预防性外交的内涵，使预防性外交更加具体化。此后预防性外交受到世界各国政府和学者的关注，其内涵和外延也不断扩大。由于各国利益着重点的不同以及学者学术背景的差异,使得至今国际社会还没有形成一个统一的比较权威的关于预防性外交的定义。本文第一部分将从预防性外交的内涵及兴起过程等方面对预防性外交进行比较系统的论述，并对冷战时期中国预防性外交的兴起进行简单梳理。本文认为预防性外交是指在国家间或者具有重大国际影响的国内争端发生后，联合国，，主权国家，各区域组织及个人为了防止争端升级，导致大规模暴力冲突的出现，而在政治、外交等方面做出的努力。本文第二部分着重对冷战后中国预防性外交的发展进行论述。首先，中国积极推进与世界各国建立信任措施，加强各方互信，避免互相猜疑及冲突的发生。其次，在事关东北亚地区和平稳定的朝核问题上，中国积极与相关国家协商沟通，努力推动六方会谈朝积极方向发展，尽最大努力维护东北亚地区的和平稳定。再次，在事关中国核心利益的南海问题上中国保持克制，加强与相关国家协商，预防南海争端升级而影响地区的和平稳定。另外中国还积极在联合国框架内参与维持和平行动，为世界和平贡献力量。中国在预防性外交实践方面虽然取得了很大的成就，但由于起步较晚，因此还存在着诸多问题，对中国预防性外交存在问题的分析构成了本文第三部分的内容：首先，预防性外交本身的干预色彩对“尊重主权”和“不干涉内政”原则构成挑战，使得中国对发展预防性外交存在疑虑。其次，我国对预防性外交理论的研究滞后导致话语权的丧失。再次，我国在国际舞台上实施具体预防性外交行为的能力亟待提高。文章的最后一部分将基于前面对预防性外交的实践和问题的分析对中国预防性外交的前景进行展望。预防性外交的重要性将在中国得到更广泛的认可，并将在更广泛的非传统安全领域发挥更大的作用，成为中国实践“新安全观”的重要方式。
[Abstract]:The concept of "preventive diplomacy" was first put forward in the 1960s by UN Secretary General Daguar Hammarskjold (DagHammarskjold). What it meant at the time was a dispute over areas outside the Cold War region between East and West, and the United Nations should intervene. To prevent America and the Soviet Union from meddling in a conflict on a larger scale. This formulation did not receive wide attention at that time. After the Cold War, the UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali put forward the concept of "preventive diplomacy" again in his paper "an agenda for Peace" and discussed it in more detail, which enriched the connotation of preventive diplomacy and made it more concrete. Since then, preventive diplomacy has been concerned by governments and scholars all over the world. Due to the differences in the interests of different countries and the academic background of scholars, the international community has not yet formed a unified and authoritative definition of preventive diplomacy. The first part of this paper will discuss the preventive diplomacy systematically from the aspects of the connotation and rising process of preventive diplomacy, and simply sort out the rise of China's preventive diplomacy during the Cold War. This paper holds that preventive diplomacy refers to the emergence of large-scale violent conflicts in the United Nations, sovereign States, regional organizations and individuals in order to prevent the escalation of disputes after the emergence of internal disputes between States or with significant international influence. And in the political, diplomatic and other efforts. The second part focuses on the development of China's preventive diplomacy after the Cold War. First, China actively promotes confidence-building measures with other countries in the world, strengthens mutual trust and avoids mutual suspicion and conflict. Secondly, on the DPRK nuclear issue, which concerns peace and stability in Northeast Asia, China actively consults with relevant countries, strives to push the Six-Party talks forward in a positive direction, and does its utmost to maintain peace and stability in Northeast Asia. Third, on the issue of the South China Sea, which concerns China's core interests, China has exercised restraint, strengthened consultations with relevant countries, and prevented the escalation of disputes in the South China Sea from affecting peace and stability in the region. In addition, China has also actively participated in peace-keeping operations within the framework of the United Nations to contribute to world peace. Although China has made great achievements in the practice of preventive diplomacy, because of its late start, there are still many problems. The analysis of the existing problems of China's preventive diplomacy constitutes the content of the third part of this paper: first, The color of preventive diplomacy itself challenges the principles of "respecting sovereignty" and "non-interference in internal affairs", which makes China have doubts about the development of preventive diplomacy. Secondly, the lagging of the theory of preventive diplomacy leads to the loss of the right of speech. Thirdly, China's ability to carry out concrete preventive diplomacy in the international arena needs to be improved. In the last part of the paper, the prospect of preventive diplomacy in China is forecasted based on the analysis of the practice and problems of preventive diplomacy. The importance of preventive diplomacy will be more widely recognized in China, and will play a greater role in a wider range of non-traditional security areas, and will become an important way for China to implement the "new security concept".
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D829

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