新世纪美国公共外交评析
发布时间：2018-11-19 09:25
【摘要】：自约瑟夫·奈在上个世纪提出软实力的相关理论,软实力在国际关系中所发挥的作用越来越被重视,公共外交——作为软实力的形式之一,也备受关注。虽然各国出于各自利益的需求而对公共外交的定义有所不同,但其目标都是相同的。公共外交的功能在于宣传政策、传播文化、促进彼此了解、为执政者提供支持。 美国特别重视公共外交。目前,公共外交已经成为美国战略不可缺少的重要组成部分。冷战期间,公共外交一直作为其进攻性的武器,将反共作为其对外政策的核心；冷战结束以后,公共外交活动逐渐减少,影响力也日渐减小,在二十世纪末跌入谷底。“9·11”事件后,公共外交又被重新拾起并被重视。中东地区因其重要的地缘政治和地缘经济价值在美国全球战略棋谱上一直处于显著位置,因此美国政府采取一系列措施以改变美国遭人痛恨的国际形象。虽然公共外交能够在某种程度上起到宣传政策、加强沟通、消除误解等作用,但是公共外交毕竟只是推行政策、实现战略目标的手段之一。同时由于美国政府认知的偏颇、美国信条的过度张扬和不恰当的全球及地区战略等,美国在此地区的公共外交远不如预期乐观,基本的政策目标都没有得到实现。当然不可否认,在未来的国际政治博弈中,作为改善海外形象、维护国家利益、推进全球战略的公共外交活动还是值得关注和重视的。 本文通过利用现有的与美国公共外交相关历史文献和资料,对美国在各个时期不同的公共外交政策,运用外交学等各种理论进行分析。同时由于美国政府的公共外交包含不同的项目,要对每一个项目进行全面分析不太现实,因此选取了“9·11”事件后美国在阿拉伯——伊斯兰地区的公共外交作为其案例,对美国的公共外交进行效用评估,探求其的外交价值、局限性及其面临的巨大挑战和机遇。
[Abstract]:Since Joseph Nye put forward the theory of soft power in the last century, the role of soft power in international relations has been paid more and more attention, and public diplomacy, as one of the forms of soft power, has also attracted much attention. Although countries have different definitions of public diplomacy for their own interests, their goals are the same. The function of public diplomacy is to propagate policy, spread culture, promote mutual understanding and provide support to those in power. The United States attaches special importance to public diplomacy. At present, public diplomacy has become an indispensable part of American strategy. During the Cold War, public diplomacy was always regarded as its offensive weapon, and the core of its foreign policy was anti-Communism. After the end of the Cold War, public diplomacy gradually decreased and its influence gradually decreased. After the September 11 incident, public diplomacy was picked up and valued again. Because of its important geopolitical and geo-economic values, the Middle East has always been prominent in the global strategic chess spectrum of the United States. Therefore, the United States government has taken a series of measures to change the international image of the United States, which is hated by people. Although public diplomacy can to some extent play the role of propagating policy, strengthening communication and eliminating misunderstanding, it is only one of the means to carry out the policy and realize the strategic goal. At the same time, due to the bias of the American government, the excessive publicity of American creed and inappropriate global and regional strategy, the public diplomacy in this region is far less optimistic than expected, and the basic policy objectives have not been realized. Of course, in the future international political game, as a way to improve the image of overseas, safeguard the national interests, promote the global strategy of public diplomacy is still worthy of attention and attention. By using the existing historical documents and materials related to American public diplomacy, this paper analyzes the different public foreign policies and theories of the United States in different periods. At the same time, because the public diplomacy of the United States government contains different items, it is not realistic to conduct a comprehensive analysis of each item, so it chooses the public diplomacy of the United States in the Arab-Islamic region after the "September 11" incident as its case. This paper evaluates the utility of American public diplomacy, explores its diplomatic value, limitations and great challenges and opportunities.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D871.2
[Abstract]:Since Joseph Nye put forward the theory of soft power in the last century, the role of soft power in international relations has been paid more and more attention, and public diplomacy, as one of the forms of soft power, has also attracted much attention. Although countries have different definitions of public diplomacy for their own interests, their goals are the same. The function of public diplomacy is to propagate policy, spread culture, promote mutual understanding and provide support to those in power. The United States attaches special importance to public diplomacy. At present, public diplomacy has become an indispensable part of American strategy. During the Cold War, public diplomacy was always regarded as its offensive weapon, and the core of its foreign policy was anti-Communism. After the end of the Cold War, public diplomacy gradually decreased and its influence gradually decreased. After the September 11 incident, public diplomacy was picked up and valued again. Because of its important geopolitical and geo-economic values, the Middle East has always been prominent in the global strategic chess spectrum of the United States. Therefore, the United States government has taken a series of measures to change the international image of the United States, which is hated by people. Although public diplomacy can to some extent play the role of propagating policy, strengthening communication and eliminating misunderstanding, it is only one of the means to carry out the policy and realize the strategic goal. At the same time, due to the bias of the American government, the excessive publicity of American creed and inappropriate global and regional strategy, the public diplomacy in this region is far less optimistic than expected, and the basic policy objectives have not been realized. Of course, in the future international political game, as a way to improve the image of overseas, safeguard the national interests, promote the global strategy of public diplomacy is still worthy of attention and attention. By using the existing historical documents and materials related to American public diplomacy, this paper analyzes the different public foreign policies and theories of the United States in different periods. At the same time, because the public diplomacy of the United States government contains different items, it is not realistic to conduct a comprehensive analysis of each item, so it chooses the public diplomacy of the United States in the Arab-Islamic region after the "September 11" incident as its case. This paper evaluates the utility of American public diplomacy, explores its diplomatic value, limitations and great challenges and opportunities.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D871.2
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