论欧盟跨国公司对中欧关系的影响

发布时间：2018-11-20 09:52

【摘要】：第二次世界大战以后,跨国公司获得了惊人的发展,尤其在冷战后,其影响力已遍布全球,成为国际关系中一个重要的行为主体。学者们对跨国公司的研究与关注,也渐渐从理论研究、经济影响等方面慢慢扩展到跨国公司的政治影响。跨国公司的存在使得经济活动的空间扩大,在某种程度上削弱了国家主权；跨国公司超越国境的生产活动,加剧了国家利益和企业本身利益之间的裂痕；跨国公司注重生产和销售,以降低生产经营成本和提高利润为最高使命,它带来的等级制度式的决策结构也与主权国家的人人平等、自由等原则相违背。跨国公司以其不输于主权国家的财力游走于母国与东道国之间,就跨国公司与母国来说,当跨国公司的企业战略和投资计划与母国的经济政策和计划发生矛盾时,跨国公司不一定顾忌母国利益,有时甚至反之；而母国也会利用跨国公司来影响东道国的决策。这在某种意义上,跨国公司既是母国和东道国博弈的场所,也是两者交流的平台。欧盟跨国公司在中欧关系中也是如此。中欧关系是中国最重要的双边关系之一,双方建立了全面战略伙伴关系,在政治上建立了互信机制,高层互访频繁,在国际问题上也有诸多交流与合作。在经贸领域,欧盟是中国最大的贸易伙伴,欧盟则视中国为第一大进口国,第二大贸易国,2011年双边贸易继续突破5000亿美元。在文化领域,双方的交流也不断扩大和深入,除了今年开启的中欧文化对话年,中国与欧盟国家中的法国、意大利、德国、西班牙、英国等都举办了“文化年”活动。这其中,都出现了欧盟跨国公司的身影。欧盟跨国公司的行为在大体上对中欧政治经济关系的发展起到了积极的作用,2008年北京奥运会及2010年上海世博会等文化盛事的成功举办,都有大量欧盟跨国公司的积极参与。同时,欧盟跨国公司在企业社会责任等方面也对我国起到了一些积极的影响,但是在人权问题、南海主权等领域,欧盟跨国公司却给中欧关系蒙上了一层阴影。如何扩大欧盟跨国公司在中欧关系中的积极效应,减少消极效应,将十分有意义。全文分为五个部分,第一部分是选题背景意义、文献综述及相关概念铺陈。第二部分介绍了历年欧盟投资与中欧贸易情况,同时分析了欧盟跨国公司对中欧经贸关系的积极影响以及它在中欧贸易不平衡等问题上的消极影响。第三部分分析了欧盟跨国公司的行为如何影响母国的决策,对中欧关系起了直接促进作用,但是它在人权、南海主权纠纷等问题上给中欧政治关系带来了消极的影响。第四部分阐明欧盟跨国公司在中欧军事关系中起到了直接推动作用,重点讨论欧盟跨国公司与对华军售问题。第五部分说明欧盟跨国公司在参与中欧文化交流中起到的作用,包括文化交流年、大型活动、企业社会责任等问题上欧盟跨国公司参与的意义,最后得出结论。
[Abstract]:After the second World War, transnational corporations have made remarkable development, especially after the Cold War, their influence has spread all over the world, and has become an important actor in international relations. Scholars' research and concern on multinational corporations have gradually expanded from theoretical research and economic impact to the political influence of transnational corporations. The existence of transnational corporations expands the space of economic activities and weakens the state sovereignty to some extent, and the production activities of transnational corporations beyond the national borders aggravate the rift between the national interests and the interests of the enterprises themselves. Multinational corporations pay more attention to production and sales with the highest mission of reducing the cost of production and management and increasing profits. The hierarchical decision-making structure it brings is also contrary to the principles of equality and freedom of all sovereign states. Multinational corporations travel between home countries and host countries with their financial resources which are not inferior to sovereign states. In the case of transnational corporations and home countries, when the enterprise strategies and investment plans of transnational corporations are in conflict with the economic policies and plans of home countries, Multinationals do not necessarily fear the interests of their home countries, sometimes even vice versa; And home country also can use multinational company to influence the decision of host country. In a sense, multinational corporation is not only the game place between home country and host country, but also the platform of communication between them. The same is true of EU multinationals in China-EU relations. China-EU relations are one of China's most important bilateral relations. The two sides have established a comprehensive strategic partnership, established a mechanism of mutual trust in politics, exchanged frequent high-level visits, and had many exchanges and cooperation on international issues. The European Union is China's largest trading partner, while the European Union sees China as the largest importer and second largest trader, with bilateral trade continuing to exceed $500 billion in 2011. In the cultural field, exchanges between the two sides have also expanded and deepened. Apart from this year's China-EU year of Cultural Dialogue, France, Italy, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom, among other countries in the European Union, have held "Cultural year" activities. Among them, appeared the figure of EU multinational company. The behavior of EU multinational corporations has played a positive role in the development of China-EU political and economic relations in general. The successful hosting of cultural events such as the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the 2010 Shanghai World Expo has involved a large number of EU multinational corporations. At the same time, EU multinational corporations have had some positive effects on China in the aspect of corporate social responsibility, but in the fields of human rights, sovereignty of the South China Sea, etc., EU multinational corporations have cast a shadow on China-EU relations. How to expand the positive effects and reduce the negative effects of EU multinational corporations in China-EU relations will be of great significance. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is the background significance, literature review and related concepts. The second part introduces the situation of EU investment and China-EU trade in the past years, and analyzes the positive influence of EU multinational corporations on China-EU economic and trade relations and its negative influence on the trade imbalance between China and Europe. The third part analyzes how the actions of EU multinational corporations affect the decisions of home countries and directly promote China-EU relations, but it has a negative impact on China-EU political relations on issues such as human rights, disputes over sovereignty over the South China Sea, and so on. The fourth part clarifies that EU multinational corporations play a direct role in China-EU military relations, focusing on the issue of EU multinational corporations and arms sales to China. The fifth part explains the role of EU multinational companies in participating in China-EU cultural exchange, including the year of cultural exchange, large-scale activities, corporate social responsibility and other issues, the significance of EU multinational companies' participation, and finally draws a conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F276.7;D822.3

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