国际联盟与第一次世界大战后的国际秩序

发布时间：2019-02-15 02:52

【摘要】：国际联盟是人类经过一场空前的"大战"之后建立的世界上第一个由主权国家组成的常设国际组织,是主要战胜国根据时代的发展和它们自身的需要,在吸收了欧洲协调体制及其他国际组织运作机制的基础上,为维持战后世界和平所建立的国际秩序的典型代表。建立国际联盟的讨论主要在英国和美国之间进行,最终建立的国联以《国际联盟盟约》为国际法的主要依据,从组织机构和组织职能两大方面,构建了战后国际秩序。但是,《国际联盟盟约》在保持和平、维护集体安全、制止战争等决策机制方面存在巨大漏洞和严重问题;国际联盟权力极为有限;大国强权政治盛行,这一切使战胜国通过国际联盟所建立的战后国际秩序残缺不全,在保卫世界和平方面没有作出应有的贡献,反而在客观上助长了侵略。第二次世界大战的爆发标志着以国际联盟为代表的国际秩序彻底破产。
[Abstract]:The League of Nations, the first permanent international organization of sovereign States in the world established by mankind after an unprecedented "war", is a major victor in accordance with the development of the times and their own needs, On the basis of absorbing the mechanism of European coordination and other international organizations, the representative of the international order established for the maintenance of postwar world peace. The discussion on the establishment of the League of Nations mainly took place between the United Kingdom and the United States. In the end, the League of Nations established the postwar international order on the basis of the Covenant of the League of Nations as the main basis of international law and from the two aspects of organization, organization and function. However, the League of Nations Covenant has huge loopholes and serious problems in the decision-making mechanisms of maintaining peace, maintaining collective security and stopping war; the League of Nations has very limited powers; The prevailing power politics of great powers has made the post-war international order established by the victorious countries through the League of Nations incomplete, and has not made due contributions to safeguarding world peace, but has objectively contributed to the aggression. The outbreak of World War II marked the complete collapse of the international order represented by the League of Nations.
【作者单位】：首都师范大学历史学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“20世纪国际格局的演变与大国互动研究”(11&ZD133)阶段性成果
【分类号】：D815

【参考文献】