奥巴马中东政策的文化悖论

发布时间：2019-06-16 13:06

【摘要】：在全球化的进程中，美国的领导地位受到了前所未有的挑战，这不仅表现在政治领域，还凸显在经济，文化等各个领域。巴拉克·奥巴马的上台，从心理上的确不仅给美国人还有全世界人以希望，希冀他能给世界带来和平与繁荣。奥巴马也确实一上台就一改前任布什总统所奉行的“布什主义”，，大力推销其治下的“巧实力”战略，采取多边的途径，在不损害美国国家利益的前提下，让更多的国家参与在全球事务管理中来，试图延缓美国实力的相对衰退的趋势，重新作为霸主出现在国际舞台上。而其中东政策作为“巧实力”战略的重要一部分，在奥巴马的全球战略布局中有着举足轻重的作用。所谓的“巧实力”战略，是奥巴马政府在美国外交和内政政策上的新路线。其包括在外交上对“软实力”和“硬实力”的“中和”，在内政与外交上也是一种“中和”。而奥巴马中东政策的推出则把这一战略详细化。其中就包括有推动中东民主进程，即“阿拉伯之春”，资助阿拉伯国家改革的“中东马歇尔计划”和缓解中东局势寻求民族和解的多边关系，尤其是反恐与巴以和谈等问题。中美很多学者都对“巧实力”战略和奥巴马的中东政策做过比较深入的研究，但基本上都是从其本质还有其对外交政策影响，以及可能出现的状况进行预测式分析，很少有人系统地从文化价值观角度分析其中东政策形成的原因，和从文化历史的渊源中寻找其产生的文化背景。因此，这篇论文主要是从分析奥巴马的中东政策入手，从文化价值观的视角去剖析奥巴马中东政策所面临的主要文化悖论，如“他者”与“同一”，宗教与世俗，和民主与霸权之间的困境，从而探讨其文化根源---美国文化价值观中的“天赋使命感”、“攫取型道德”以及普世主义，并最终得出结论：中东混乱局势的成因不能仅仅归结于文明之间的冲突，因为文明冲突只是其成因的表象，奥巴马中东政策之所以面临难以调和的困境，是因为美国自身深层文化的影响。
[Abstract]:In the process of globalization, the leadership of the United States has been challenged as never before, not only in the political field, but also in the economic, cultural and other fields. Barack Obama's coming to power does psychologically give hope not only to Americans but also to people all over the world, hoping that he will bring peace and prosperity to the world. As soon as he came to power, Obama did change the "Bush Doctrine" pursued by his predecessor, vigorously promote the strategy of "skillful power" under his administration, and take a multilateral approach to involve more countries in the management of global affairs without harming the national interests of the United States, trying to delay the relative decline of American power and re-appear on the international stage as a hegemon. As an important part of the "skillful power" strategy, its Middle East policy plays an important role in Obama's global strategic layout. The so-called "dexterity" strategy is a new line for the Obama administration in US foreign and domestic policy. It includes the "neutralization" of "soft power" and "hard power" in diplomacy, and it is also a kind of neutralization in domestic and foreign affairs. The launch of Obama's Middle East policy details the strategy. These include promoting the democratic process in the Middle East, that is, the Arab Spring, the Middle East Marshall Plan, which finances Arab reform, and multilateral relations to alleviate the situation in the Middle East and seek national reconciliation, especially counter-terrorism and Palestinian-Israeli peace talks. Many scholars in China and the United States have done more in-depth research on the strategy of "skillful power" and Obama's Middle East policy, but basically from its essence and its influence on foreign policy, as well as the possible situation, few people systematically analyze the reasons for the formation of their Middle East policy from the perspective of cultural values, and find out the cultural background from the origin of cultural history. Therefore, this paper mainly analyzes Obama's Middle East policy from the perspective of cultural values, such as the dilemma between "the other" and "the same", religion and secularism, and democracy and hegemony, so as to explore its cultural roots-the "sense of natural mission", "grab morality" and universality in American cultural values. Finally, it is concluded that the cause of chaos in the Middle East can not only be attributed to the conflict between civilizations, because the clash of civilizations is only the appearance of its causes, and Obama's Middle East policy is facing an irreconcilable dilemma because of the influence of the deep culture of the United States itself.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2

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