反联邦党人政治思想中的混合代表制与消极自由观

发布时间：2018-01-07 09:38

本文关键词：反联邦党人政治思想中的混合代表制与消极自由观　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在与联邦党人争辩的过程中,反联邦党人提出了混合代表制。混合代表制试图将既忠于选民利益又思虑长远的社会中间阶层选入议会,以吸取实质代表制和实际代表制的长处,避免二者的不足。混合代表制的目的在于防止议会腐化,其效力会因1787年宪法关于常备军、征税权的规定有所削弱,因此反联邦党人对1787年宪法进行了严厉批驳。混合代表制惟有在一个人口不多、习俗相近的空间内方能得以实施,反联邦党人以此作为支持小共和国的论据。混合代表制要求更多的公民参与政治决策,共和学派据此认为混合代表制背后的政治哲学支撑是积极自由,并将反联邦党人归入共和主义谱系。伯纳德·贝林、戈登·伍德和约翰·波考克分别以“权力与自由之对抗”、“古典共和主义”、“公民人文主义”指称自己的理论。三者对共和主义的理解不相一致,但都对既有历史学家的主张——反联邦党人信奉的是以洛克为代表的消极自由观——提出了质疑。共和学派对反联邦党人的解读建立在固化的思维逻辑上：地产和独立人格、独立人格和积极自由因果相承。本文通过对积极自由内涵和消极自由传承谱系的检视,证明独立人格与积极自由没有必然联系,反联邦党人秉承的仍是以洛克为代表的消极自由观,共和学派对反联邦党人的解读是不成功的,混合代表制背后的政治哲学支持是消极自由。参与民主理论以积极自由为支撑,精英民主理论以消极自由为支撑。反联邦党人以混合代表制维护消极自由的政治思想,对于解决当代参与民主和精英民主之间的争论有重要意义。
[Abstract]:In the course of arguing with the Federalists, the anti-federalists proposed a mixed representation system, which sought to elect into Parliament a social middle class that was loyal to the interests of its voters and considered the long term. The purpose of the mixed representation system is to prevent the parliament from corrupting, and its effect will be due to the standing army in the constitution of 1787. The rules on taxation were weakened, so the anti-federalists severely rejected the 1787 constitution. Mixed representation can only be implemented in a space where the population is small and customs are similar. The anti-federalists used it as an argument for the small republic. The mixed representation system requires more citizens to participate in the political decision-making, so the Republican school thinks that the political philosophy support behind the mixed representation system is positive freedom. And put the anti-federalists in the Republican spectrum. Bernadette Belin, Gordon Wood, and John Polcock, respectively, "the struggle between power and freedom," "classical republicanism." "Citizen Humanism" refers to his own theory. The three have different understandings of republicanism. But they question the idea that the anti-federalists believe in a negative view of liberty represented by Locke. The republicanism's interpretation of the anti-federalists is based on the fixed logic of thinking: real estate and independent personality. By examining the connotation of positive freedom and the inheritance of negative freedom, this paper proves that independent personality and positive freedom are not necessarily related. The anti-federalists still hold the negative view of freedom represented by Locke, the Republican school's interpretation of the anti-federalist is not successful, and the political philosophical support behind the mixed representation system is negative freedom. The theory of participatory democracy is supported by positive freedom, while the theory of elite democracy is supported by negative freedom. It is of great significance to resolve the dispute between contemporary participatory democracy and elite democracy.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K712

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