理性节的理性与非理性

发布时间：2018-01-16 00:31

本文关键词：理性节的理性与非理性　出处：《华东师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：法国大革命创造的节日数不胜数,理性节便是其中之一。它诞生于革命最激烈的时期,是大革命政教之争的顶峰。理性节推崇理性,排斥宗教,因此背负了极端无神论的骂名,也展露了鲜明的时代特色。共和二年雾月17日(1793年11月7日)国民公会召开会议,在巴黎主教戈贝尔的带动下,大批教士弃职,拉开了理性崇拜的序幕。雾月20日(11月10日)在巴黎圣母院首度庆祝理性节,节日中利用真人偶像宣扬理性收效显著。理性节庆祝活动随后在法国各地展开,各激进省份积极响应,在改造巴黎模式的同时表达了自身对理性的理解。在各地的理性节活动中,人们走出教堂,来到广阔的室外空间,他们挪用传统宗教节日的庆祝方式,加入狂欢哄闹元素,大量运用语言文字,融合各类象征符号,混合理性与自由概念,通过崇拜理性女神、自由殉难者以及其他革命象征物表达对理性的独特理解。然而,由于埃贝尔派的激进主义作风,加之大量革命群众加入,理性节越来越走向不受控制,它的极端激进作风暴露出非理性的本质。这种非理性源自对理性思想的曲解,源自神秘主义本性,也源自对现实社会的反抗。启蒙运动以来的信仰缺失和反宗教情绪在理性节中达到极致。经历了理性节的狂乱之后,法国人渐渐找到了宗教和理性的平衡点,走上了真正实践政教分离的道路。理性节反映出法国人激进的政治文化风格,其引发的政教问题时至今日仍受到关注。理性节全面展现了法兰西民族性,具有深刻的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Among the countless festivals created by the French Revolution, the Festival of reason is one of them. It was born in the most intense period of revolution and was the pinnacle of the political and religious struggle of the Revolution. Therefore, bear the name of extreme atheism, but also show the distinctive characteristics of the times. On 17th (November 7th 1793) the Congregation of the Congregation of the Congresses of the second year of the Republic, led by Bishop Gobell of Paris, led a large number of priests to abandon their posts. On 20th (November 10th), the Mist Moon celebrated the Day of reason for the first time in Notre Dame in Paris. The festival uses human idols to proclaim that reason works well. The celebration of the festival took place throughout France, with radical provinces responding positively to the transformation of the Paris model and expressing their understanding of reason. In the rational festival activities, people come out of the church to the vast outdoor space, they misappropriate the traditional religious festival celebration, add carnival coaxing elements, a large use of language and characters. It combines all kinds of symbolic symbols, mixes the concepts of reason and freedom, and expresses the unique understanding of reason by worshipping the goddess of reason, martyrs of freedom and other revolutionary symbols. However, due to the radicalism of the Hebert faction and the participation of a large number of revolutionary masses, the Festival of reason has become more and more uncontrolled. Its extreme radical style reveals the essence of irrationality, which originates from the misinterpretation of rational thought and from the nature of mysticism. But also from the resistance to the real society. Since the Enlightenment the lack of faith and anti-religious sentiment in the Festival of reason to the extreme. After the frenzy of the Festival of reason, the French gradually found a point of balance between religion and reason. On the road of true practice of separation of church and state. The rational Festival reflects the radical political and cultural style of the French, and the problems of politics and religion caused by it are still paid close attention to today. The rational Festival shows the French nationality in an all-round way and has profound significance for reference.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K565

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