1692年萨勒姆巫术案解读

发布时间：2018-01-21 22:38

本文关键词： 巫术信仰经济纠纷政治动荡司法混乱　出处：《天津师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 15-18世纪是西欧的转型时期,深受西欧影响的英国北美殖民地也是转型所波及的地区之一。西方历史上颇为令人费解的猎巫运动即发生在这一时期。它以前不存在,以后也没有再发生,这不能不引起史家们的注意,猎巫运动不是与社会转型的时间巧合而是社会转型的产物,或者某种程度上推动了转型的过程。本文主要考察英国北美殖民地的猎巫运动。北美的猎巫运动主要发生在马萨诸塞东北部的萨勒姆,它是清教徒建立的一处村庄,到17世纪猎巫运动发生时，，它已经不是一个单纯的以农业为主导的社区了。村庄东部的居民依靠有利的地理位置发展起商品经济,经济实力逐渐彰显；经济结构的变化使得一些以农业经济为主要生活依靠的村庄西部居民产生了某种程度的恐慌感和压抑感,经济秩序被撕裂在当地居民中造成了大量的经济纠纷。当村庄中的权势人物决定发起反击的时候,巫术案爆发的必要性已经具备。人们纷纷走上法庭,控告那些与自己的经济利益有过摩擦的邻居。当然,新英格兰较早时期的巫术史也提醒我们,该村从旧世界带来的观念很多,居民普遍相信巫师与巫术的存在,当面临经济上的波动时,巫师无疑是人们发泄心中不满情绪与解释某些困难的最好途径。但是,殖民地所面临的紧张状况可能也是这起猎巫事件发展到疯狂的重要原因。1684年马萨诸塞殖民地的特许权被取消,1688年到1689年皇家统治者被起义者赶下了台,而合法的继任者直到1692年才来到,这期间留下的政治权力真空使得对巫师的审判无法可依。而司法程序的混乱也使可以澄清的事实越来越严重,产生了令人震惊的恶果。本文的写作目的在于考察导致村庄居民争吵的结构性原因。经济纷争可能是整个事件的根源,尽管它不是猎巫运动的唯一推动力。经济纷争与政治动荡交织在一起,与人们普遍的巫术信仰交织在一起,最终酿成了美国历史上最有戏剧性的事件之一。
[Abstract]:The 15-18 century was the transition period of Western Europe. The British North American colonies, which were heavily influenced by Western Europe, were also one of the areas affected by the transformation. The puzzling witch-hunting movement in Western history took place in this period. It did not exist before, and has not occurred since. This cannot fail to draw the attention of historians. Witchhunt is not a coincidence with the time of social transformation but a product of social transformation or to some extent promotes the process of transformation. This paper focuses on the witch hunting movement in the British colonies of North America. The witch hunting movement in North America mainly occurred in Salem, northeast Massachusetts. It was a village founded by the Puritans, and by 17th century, the witch hunting movement had taken place. It is no longer a purely agriculture-oriented community. The residents of the eastern part of the village rely on favorable geographical position to develop the commodity economy, and the economic strength gradually shows; The change of economic structure makes some western residents who rely mainly on agricultural economy have a certain degree of panic and depression. The fragmentation of the economic order has caused a lot of economic disputes among the local population. When the powerful people in the village decided to launch a counterattack, the necessity of witchcraft broke out. People went to court. Sue neighbors who have had trouble with their own economic interests. Of course, the early history of witchcraft in New England also reminds us that the village brings a lot of ideas from the old world, and that there is widespread belief in the existence of witches and witchcraft. When faced with economic fluctuations, witches are undoubtedly the best way for people to vent their grievances and explain certain difficulties. But. The tensions facing the colony may also have contributed to the madness of the witch hunt. In 1684, the Massachusetts colony's concession was cancelled. From 1688 to 1689 the royal ruler was ousted from power by the rebels, and the legitimate successor did not arrive until 1692. The political power vacuum left during this period made it impossible to bring the wizards to trial, and the confusion of the judicial process made the facts that could be clarified more and more serious, with appalling consequences. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structural causes of the village residents' quarrel. Economic disputes may be the root of the whole incident. Although it is not the only driving force of witch-hunting, economic strife and political turmoil, intertwined with popular witchcraft beliefs, have turned out to be one of the most dramatic events in the history of the United States.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K712.4

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