“印第安女苦役”形象与19世纪美国白人的印第安人观

发布时间：2018-01-26 12:28

本文关键词： 印第安人野蛮种族主义　出处：《历史教学(下半月刊)》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】："印第安女苦役"形象作为近代西方文化与印第安文化相互碰撞的产物,成为欧洲启蒙思想家论述美洲退化问题的主要论据。而美国政治思想家托马斯·杰斐逊则认为印第安人与欧洲人在体质和心智方面并不存在差异,性别压迫的现象广泛存在于野蛮社会之中,强调唯有在文明社会,所有社会成员的权益才能获得真正的保障。在此基础上,杰斐逊构建起印第安社会野蛮的言论,积极推行印第安人"开化"政策。在19世纪以来美国白人与印第安人矛盾不断激化,以及印第安社会对同化政策持续抵制的特殊历史语境之下,美国白人开始广泛渲染印第安人在体质和心智方面的先天缺陷,将其比作不可救药的低劣种族。至此,杰斐逊基于人类种族间体质和心智平等而构建出的印第安社会野蛮的言论,演化为印第安人体质和心智具有先天缺陷的印第安人种族低劣论,成为白人屠杀和掠夺印第安人的法理基础,对近代美国社会中白人与印第安人之间群体关系的发展产生了深远的影响。
[Abstract]:The image of "Indian female hard labor" is the product of the collision between modern western culture and Indian culture. It became the main argument for European enlightenment thinkers on the degradation of the Americas, while Thomas Jefferson, an American political thinker, argued that there was no physical or mental difference between Indians and Europeans. The phenomenon of gender oppression is widespread in barbaric societies, emphasizing that only in civilized societies can the rights and interests of all members of society be truly safeguarded... on this basis. Jefferson constructed the barbaric remarks of Indian society and actively pursued the "civilized" policy of Indians. Since 19th century, the conflicts between white Americans and Indians in the United States have been intensified. Under the special historical context of the persistent resistance of Indian society to assimilation policy, American white people began to popularize Indian innate defects in physical and mental aspects. It was compared to an irredeemably poor race. So far, Jefferson constructed a savage statement about Indian society based on the physical and mental equality of human race. The theory of Indian racial inferiority, which evolved into a congenital defect of Indian constitution and mind, became the legal basis for white people to slaughter and plunder the Indians. It had a profound influence on the development of group relationship between white and Indian in modern American society.
【作者单位】：福建师范大学社会历史学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社科青年项目“全球史维度下的近代毛皮贸易研究”(项目编号:15YJC770017) 中国博士后科学基金项目“俄美公司与近代帝俄在北太平洋殖民活动研究”(项目编号:2016M602051) 北华大学博士项目“近代毛皮贸易研究:全球史维度下的近代毛皮贸易研究”(项目编号:202115009)阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：K712
【正文快照】： “印第安女苦役”形象(1)原本是近代欧洲人对美洲印第安人的主观描述,却为启蒙时代欧洲思想家所广泛提及,成为论证美洲退化论的重要参照物。同时期的美国人对这种欧洲文化优越论大多持否定态度。托马斯·杰斐逊(Thomas Jefferson)在《弗吉尼亚笔记》一书中将性别压迫看作是一

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