美国政府华工政策的演变（1868-1894）

发布时间：2018-01-30 00:10

本文关键词： 华工排华法中美条约美国政府华工政策　出处：《山东大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 在1868-1894年短短26年间，美国政府的华工政策经历了一个由自由、限制到限禁的演变过程。本文拟对这一时期美国政府华工政策的历史过程进行考察，并力图对促成这一历史演变的原因作浅要探析。本文前言部分围绕研究对象、研究状况以及研究的意义三个方面进行了说明和论述。本文主体内容共分五部分：第一部分是1868年前华工赴美的概况与华工对美国西部开发的贡献。1853年以后，在美国“引力”和中国国内“推力”的共同作用下，华工赴美呈现出高涨的趋势。赴美华工在美国西部的矿业、筑路业、农业、洗衣业、建筑业、渔业以及制造业等方面付出了辛勤的劳动，做出了重大贡献。第二部分是中美《蒲安臣条约》与华工自由赴美政策。《蒲安臣条约》第5、6条中有关华工的规定，标志着美国政府华工自由赴美政策的形成。第三部分是中美《安吉立条约》与限制华工赴美政策。安吉立使团是在美国国内排斥华工的浪潮从西部席卷到全国，《蒲安臣条约》成为排华势力攻击目标的背景下使华的。《安吉立条约》修改了《蒲安臣条约》关于华工自由赴美的规定。它同意美国可以暂停华工赴美，同时还规定已在美国的华工可以往来自便。《安吉立条约》为美国制定排华法提供了“合法”依据，成为美国限制华工赴美政策的开始。第四部分是从美国的排斥华工法案与中美华工条约两个方面，论述了美国政府限禁华工政策的确立。1882-1893年间，美国国会接连通过六个法案，最终通过国内立法的方式，美国政府逐步形成了违背中美条约精神的禁止任何华工赴美的政策。1894年，清政府和美国政府在1888年未成之约的基础上签订了《限禁来美华工保护寓美华人条约》。条约虽允许持有执照的回国华工可以返美，重申美国政府有义务“保护寓美华人”，但更重要的是确认了美国排斥华工法案的大部分内容。1894年华工条约的签订，实现了美国政府限禁华工赴美政策在国际法上的“合法化”的目标，标志着这一政策的最终确立。第五部分是美国政府华工政策转变的原因分析。本文从美国国内经济、政治的发展变化，，种族排外主义，以及清政府的软弱无能四个方面分析了美国政府华工政策变化的原因。本文的结语部分，从美中两个角度作一简短的结论。
[Abstract]:In the short period of 26 years from 1868 to 1894, the American government's Chinese labor policy experienced a period of freedom. This paper intends to investigate the historical process of the American government's Chinese labor policy during this period and tries to explore the reasons for this historical evolution. The preface of this paper focuses on the research object, the research situation and the significance of the study. The main body of this paper is divided into five parts: The first part is about the general situation of Chinese workers going to the United States before 1868 and the contribution of Chinese workers to the western development of the United States. After 1853, under the joint action of "gravitation" of the United States and the "thrust" of China. Chinese workers in the United States have made great contributions to the mining, road building, agriculture, laundry, construction, fishing and manufacturing industries in the western United States. The second part is the policy of the Sino-American Treaty of Buanchen and the Free access of Chinese Workers to the United States. The provisions on Chinese workers in Article 5 of the Treaty of Buanchen signify the formation of the policy of the US government on the freedom of Chinese workers to come to the United States. The third part is the Sino-American Treaty of Anjili and the policy of restricting Chinese workers to the United States. Angeli Mission is a wave of exclusion of Chinese workers in the United States from the west to the whole country. The Treaty of Buanchen made China a target of attack by anti-Chinese forces. The Treaty of Angelique amended the provisions of the Treaty of Buanchen on the freedom of Chinese workers to go to the United States. It agreed that the United States could suspend Chinese workers from going to the United States. At the same time, it also stipulates that Chinese workers already in the United States can come from the United States. The Treaty of Angelique provides a "legal basis" for the United States to enact an exclusion law, which is the beginning of the United States' policy of restricting Chinese workers to the United States. The 4th part discusses the establishment of the policy of banning Chinese workers in the United States from two aspects: the exclusion of Chinese Workers Act and the Sino-American Labor Treaty. During the period of 1882-1893, the United States Congress passed six bills in succession. Finally, by way of domestic legislation, the US government gradually formed a policy of prohibiting any Chinese workers from going to the United States in violation of the spirit of the Sino-American Treaty. 1894. The Qing government and the United States government signed the Treaty on the Protection of Chinese Workers in the United States on 1888 on the basis of which they signed the Treaty on the Protection of Chinese Workers in the United States. Although the treaty allowed licensed Chinese workers to return to the United States. To reiterate the obligation of the US government to "protect Chinese in the United States", but more importantly, to confirm most of the contents of the American Act on exclusion of Chinese Workers. The signing of the Treaty on Chinese Workers in 1894. It has realized the goal of "legalizing" the American government's policy of banning Chinese workers from going to the United States in international law, which marks the final establishment of this policy. The 5th part is the analysis of the reasons for the change of the American government's Chinese labor policy. This paper analyzes the changes of American domestic economy, politics and racial xenophobia. And the four aspects of the weakness of Qing government analyzed the reasons for the change of the Chinese labor policy of the American government. In the conclusion part, a brief conclusion is drawn from the two angles of the United States and China.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.44

【参考文献】