法国革命时期英国政党政治的发展

发布时间：2018-01-30 03:42

本文关键词： 政党政治英国法国革命辉格党托利党　出处：《学术研究》2014年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：法国革命是英国政治史上的分水岭,它造成了18、19世纪之交英国政党政治格局的重大变化。随着革命日趋激进以及反法战争的爆发,辉格党内开始发生分裂,其中的保守派最终分离出来,加入到小皮特政府的阵营,由此造成辉格党的衰落及长期在野局面。托利党则借法国革命之良机而迅速崛起。特别是随着辉格党保守派的加入,托利党在19世纪初终于实现了重建与复兴,并长期把持英国政坛。法国革命促使英国两党在一些重大问题上的分野越来越明显,政党内阁的排他性逐步加强,这为19世纪30年代两党制度的形成提供了条件。
[Abstract]:The French Revolution was a watershed in the history of British politics, which caused a great change in the political structure of British political parties at the turn of the 1819 century. As the revolution became more radical and the war against France broke out. The Whig party began to split, and the conservatives eventually broke up and joined the administration of Little Pitt. This led to the decline of the Whig Party and the long-term opposition, while the Tory Party took advantage of the French Revolution to rise rapidly, especially with the joining of the Whig Party conservatives. At the beginning of 19th century, the Tory Party finally realized the reconstruction and rejuvenation, and controlled the British politics for a long time. The French Revolution made the separation between the two parties on some important issues more and more obvious, and the exclusiveness of the party cabinet gradually strengthened. This provided the conditions for the formation of the two-party system in 1830s.
【作者单位】：南京大学历史学系;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(12YJA770028) 国家社会科学基金项目(13BSS029)的阶段性成果教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-13-0277) 南京大学人文基金资助
【分类号】：D05;K561
【正文快照】： 英国是世界上最早组建政党并创立政党政治的国家。在英国政党政治史上,法国革命是一个重要分水岭。革命之前,随着“国王之友”政府的垮台以及小皮特政府的组建,王权在政治生活中的影响力逐渐消退,在乔治三世时代受到压制的辉格党东山再起,而处于在野地位的托利党势力衰微。18

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