普鲁塔克《来库古传》与来库古改革

发布时间：2018-01-30 06:50

本文关键词： 普鲁塔克《来库古传》来库古改革　出处：《东北师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：来库古改革在古代斯巴达历史上具有重要意义,传说来库古为斯巴达制定了良法((?)),其中包括一套完整的政制。来库古改革基本决定了城邦未来的发展方向,为斯巴达发展成为军事强国、称霸希腊奠定了基础。但是古代著作家关于立法者来库古以及改革内容的记载众说纷纭,现代史家对此也一直争议不断。在古代著作中,普鲁塔克的《来库古传》是最全面、最详细记载来库古改革的文献。本文试图以普鲁塔克的《来库古传》为主要依据讨论来库古改革的举措及其影响,全文主要分为三个部分。第一部分首先介绍普鲁塔克《传记集》的整体特点；然后分析普鲁塔克对来库古改革的调查研究,通过与希罗多德、修昔底德和色诺芬等古代著作家的记述对比,探讨普鲁塔克记载的优越性；最后重点分析普鲁塔克撰写《来库古传》的历史背景、材料来源以及普鲁塔克对来库古改革的评价。第二部分主要分析来库古改革的内容。首先介绍斯巴达以及整个希腊世界当时的历史背景,分析改革的指导性文献神谕“瑞特拉”及其增补条款；“来库古的斯巴达政制”是指以来库古制定的法律为基本框架的一套完整的政制,包含两部分内容,一是来库古改革时制定的法律,二是被归于来库古名下的后人进行的改革。这一部分将分别对二者进行讨论,详细解读“来库古的斯巴达政制”在政治、教育、军事、经济和社会方面的举措及其执行情况。第三部分探究来库古改革的影响。来库古改革的政治举措实现了统治阶层内部各机构的权力平衡,维护了城邦的政治稳定；在军事方面,全民皆兵的训练增强了城邦的战斗力,绝对服从的意识增强了公民的凝聚力；在教育方面的改革培养了斯巴达公民坚毅果敢的性格和忠诚朴素的品行。来库古改革的一些列措施之间相辅相成,最终使斯巴达一步步走向希腊霸主的地位。当然改革也带来了一些问题,比如造成了斯巴达的野蛮闭塞,文化落后等,但从整个斯巴达历史来看,来库古改革的积极意义要远大于消极意义。
[Abstract]:The reform of Laikuku was of great significance in the history of ancient Sparta. Legend has it that Kucu worked out a good law for Sparta? The reform of Laikuku basically determined the future development direction of the city-state and became a military power for Sparta. To dominate Greece laid the foundation. But ancient writers about legislators to Kugu and the content of the reform of the record, modern historians have been controversial. In the ancient works. Plutarch's Legacy is the most comprehensive and detailed account of the Reformation. Based on Plutarch's Legco Biography, this paper attempts to discuss the measures of Laikuku reform and its influence, which is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the overall characteristics of Plutarch's Biography. Then it analyzes Plutarch's investigation and research on the reform of Lekuku, and probes into the superiority of Plutarch by comparing with the ancient writers such as Herodotus, Thucydides and Xenophen. In the end, the historical background of Plutarch's Biography of Laikuku, the sources of materials and his evaluation of the reform of Laikuku are analyzed. The second part mainly analyzes the content of the reform to Kugu. Firstly, it introduces the historical background of Sparta and the whole Greek world at that time, and analyzes the guiding document of the reform, "Ritra" and its supplementary clauses. "the Sparta system of Laikuku" refers to a set of complete political systems with the basic framework of the laws enacted by Kugu, which contains two parts, one is the law enacted during the reform of Kugu. This part will discuss the two in detail, and explain in detail the political, educational and military aspects of the political, educational and military aspects of the Sparta system. Economic and social initiatives and their implementation The third part probes into the influence of the reform of Laikuku. The political measures of the reform of Laikuku have realized the balance of power among the institutions of the ruling class and maintained the political stability of the city-state. In the military aspect, the training of all the people strengthened the combat effectiveness of the city-state, and the consciousness of absolute obedience strengthened the cohesion of the citizens. Reforms in education have fostered Spartan citizens' character of determination and loyalty and simple conduct. Some of the measures in the Reformation of Kucougou complement each other. Of course, the reform also brought some problems, such as the barbaric obliteration of Sparta, cultural backwardness and so on, but from the whole history of Sparta. The positive significance of the reform of Laiku is far greater than the negative significance.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K125

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