跨界:芮恩施与中美关系的三种经历

发布时间：2018-02-04 13:31

本文关键词： 芮恩施跨文化者中美关系进步主义　出处：《历史研究》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在19世纪以降的中美关系史上,同时拥有学者、外交官和跨文化者三种身份经历者不乏其人,如卫三畏、柔克义和司徒雷登等人。由于时代的差异,芮恩施的三种身份经历显得与众不同。在中美关系史上,他的跨界经历是进步主义时代美国学者从政的缩影。作为学者,芮恩施的学术思想为20世纪初美国远东政策提供了理论支撑,而且他利用美国政治学会对中美关系施加学术影响;他利用学者和外交官的双重身份,来处理一战时期处于危机中的中美关系,并因此陷入身份认同困境;作为跨文化者,芮恩施虽有促进中美沟通的良好愿望,但他是以美国强势文化的姿态来"帮助"中国的弱势文化,结果适得其反。在担任驻华公使前后,以芮恩施为代表的美国政治学会学者群体活跃于中美外交舞台上,并致力于建构一种带有浓厚学者气息的中美关系。需要指出的是,芮恩施鼓吹的"平等"与"自由"等道德价值,实质上仍是代表美国强势文化的西方价值。
[Abstract]:The history of Sino US relations in nineteenth Century to drop, also have scholars, diplomats and three kinds of cross cultural identity experience such as Williams, no lack of such people, Rockhill and Leighton Stuart et al. Because of the time difference, three identity of Rui Enshi's experience is out of the ordinary. In the history of Sino US relations, through his cross is an American scholar in a microcosm of the progressive era. As a scholar, Rui Enshi's academic thought at the beginning of the twentieth Century American Far East policy provides a theoretical support, and he used the American Political Science Association applied academic impact on Sino US relations; he used the dual identity of scholars and diplomats, to deal with a war in the crisis of Sino US relations, and therefore in the identity as a cross cultural identity dilemma; Rui Enshi, despite the promotion of Sino US communication good wishes, but he is in the United States, the strong cultural attitude to "help" Chinese weak culture, The result is just the opposite. Before and after served as ambassador to China, to raein as the representative of the American Academy of political scholars active in the diplomatic arena, and is committed to building a strong atmosphere of the scholars of Sino US relations. It is necessary to point out that raein advocated "equality" and "freedom" is the result of moral value, on behalf of the United States the strong culture of Western values.

【作者单位】：复旦大学历史系;复旦大学社会科学高等研究院;
【基金】：上海市浦江人才计划项目“进步主义与中美关系:美国政治学会领袖在中国的经历”(16PJC014)的中期成果复旦大学亚洲研究中心A类课题资助
【分类号】：K107
【正文快照】： 在冷战背景下,第一次世界大战(以下简称“一战”)时期的美国驻华公使芮恩施尽管已经去世多年,美国学术界仍对他采取批判态度。在冷战斗士看来,作为一位资深中国通,芮恩施出使中国期间的外交作为可谓“一无是处”。1951年,埃兰·E.坎特宣称:“尽管芮恩施是一位杰出的历史学者,

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