美国U-2飞机高空侦察及其对美苏关系的影响

发布时间：2018-02-04 23:46

本文关键词： U-2飞机高空侦察美苏关系冷战　出处：《吉林大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 二战后,美苏双方由于在意识形态和社会制度等方面的对立,它们之间的矛盾和冲突不断升级并最终导致冷战的开始。冷战时期,为了获得苏联和其他有关国家的情报,美国制定并实施了U-2飞机计划。 U-2飞机是美国设计的一种高空间谍侦察飞机。从1954年U-2飞机投产到1974年U-2飞机转由美国空军负责,U-2飞机不仅对苏联进行了多次高空侦察,而且还对中东、远东和拉美地区的某些国家进行了侦察。通过这些侦察,美国获得了大量有价值的情报,这些情报不仅为美国制定对外政策提供了重要依据,还对冷战期间美苏关系产生了巨大影响。U-2飞机获得的情报,使美国弄清了苏联的战略意图,暂时避免了军备竞赛,使美苏关系趋于缓和。然而,1960年U-2飞机事件使美苏努力营造的缓和气氛消失殆尽,美苏关系又退回原点。U-2飞机的侦察,使美国掌握了苏联向古巴运送导弹的有力证据,由此引发了冷战时期美苏之间最严重的一次直接的对抗。本文在借鉴相关研究成果基础上,翻译使用新解密的英文档案资料,重点考察美国制定U-2飞机计划的背景、过程及其高空间谍侦察活动,并论述其对美苏关系的影响。
[Abstract]:After World War II, because of the opposition in ideology and social system, the contradictions and conflicts between the United States and the Soviet Union escalated and finally led to the beginning of the Cold War. In order to obtain information from the Soviet Union and other interested countries, the United States developed and implemented the U-2 aircraft Program. The U-2 aircraft is a kind of high-altitude spy reconnaissance aircraft designed by the United States. From 1954 to 1974, the U-2 aircraft was put into operation by the United States Air Force. The U-2 not only carried out several high-altitude reconnaissance of the Soviet Union, but also carried out reconnaissance on certain countries in the Middle East, the far East and Latin America. Through these reconnaissance, the United States obtained a large amount of valuable information. This intelligence not only provided an important basis for the United States to formulate foreign policy, but also had a great impact on US-Soviet relations during the Cold War. The information obtained by the U-2 aircraft made the United States clear the strategic intentions of the Soviet Union. The arms race was averted for the time being, and U.S.-Soviet relations tended to ease. However, the U-2 plane incident of 1960 wiped out the atmosphere of relaxation created by the United States and the Soviet Union. US-Soviet relations returned to the original point of origin. The reconnaissance of the U-2 aircraft enabled the United States to have strong evidence of the Soviet Union's delivery of missiles to Cuba. This led to the most serious direct confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Based on the relevant research results, this paper translated and used the newly declassified English archives. The background, process and high-altitude spy reconnaissance activities of the U-2 aircraft were investigated, and its influence on U.S.-Soviet relations was discussed.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K153

【引证文献】