抵抗权:欧洲封建主义的历史遗产

发布时间：2018-02-13 01:23

本文关键词： 欧洲封建制领主附庸关系抵抗权历史遗产　出处：《世界历史》2013年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：西罗马帝国覆灭后,欧洲公共权力分散,面对内外安全威胁,在特定的历史条件下,社会产生了一种自下而上的、以个人关系为纽带的军事防御体系,即欧洲封建制度(Feudalism)。该统治方式的特点在于,其基本关系不是国王与臣民,而是领主与附庸。领主与附庸双方都有可以享有的权利和必须履行的义务,均受封建法保护。附庸的权利得到法律认可和保护,其逻辑的演绎势必产生维护权利的主张,此即欧洲著名"抵抗权"的起点,从而孕育着欧洲封建制最深刻的内在矛盾。西欧中世纪的阶级斗争或等级斗争,不仅诉诸暴力,也诉诸法庭,"谈判"与"妥协"成为解决社会冲突的重要选项。从这种解决社会冲突的方式中,西欧封建主义获得了其最重要的历史遗产。"大宪章"的斗争模式反复出现,使欧洲社会不断调整和更新,而且反复小、社会发展成本低。
[Abstract]:After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, public power was dispersed in Europe, and in the face of threats to internal and external security, under certain historical conditions, society produced a bottom-up military defense system linked to personal relations. That is, the feudal system of Europe is characterized by the fact that the basic relationship is not between kings and subjects, but between lords and vassals. Both lords and vassals have rights and obligations that must be fulfilled, The right of vassal was recognized and protected by law, and the deduction of its logic was bound to give rise to the claim of defending the right, which was the starting point of the famous "right of resistance" in Europe. This gave birth to the most profound internal contradictions in European feudalism. Class or hierarchical struggles in the Middle Ages in Western Europe not only resorted to violence, Also recourse to the courts, "negotiation" and "compromise" as important options for resolving social conflicts. From this way of resolving social conflicts, Western European feudalism has acquired its most important historical legacy. The struggle model of the Magna Carta has been repeated, Make European society constantly adjust and renew, and repeat small, social development cost is low.
【作者单位】：天津师范大学欧洲经济社会发展研究中心;南京大学历史学系;
【基金】：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“西欧文明的基础”(项目号:12JJD770008)的阶段成果
【分类号】：K126

【参考文献】