苏芬战争研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 22:37

本文关键词： 苏联苏芬战争东方战线　出处：《陕西师范大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 1939—1940年苏芬战争是第二次世界大战初期苏联构建东方战线的重要环节。苏芬战争对苏联的军事改革和芬兰的外交政策均产生了重大影响。但长期以来,由于历史的原因,国内对这方面的研究较为薄弱,对战争爆发的原因和影响等问题依然存在激烈的争论,因此研究苏芬战争有着重要的理论价值和现实意义。全文分为前言、正文、结论三个部分,正文共五章。第一章分析苏芬战争爆发的背景。在德国法西斯侵略扩张和英法推行绥靖政策的形势下,苏联试图在芬兰领土上建立防御德国侵略的缓冲地带。苏联对芬兰的外交政策和芬兰的中立政策之间相互冲突,这种矛盾的发展导致了苏芬战争的爆发。战争爆发的根本原因是苏联为了维护自身的安全而损害芬兰的利益,直接原因是芬兰坚持中立政策不动摇导致谈判失败。第二章阐述了苏芬战争的经过。苏芬战争分为两个阶段,在战争的第一阶段,苏军的进攻遭遇到芬兰军民的顽强抵抗,严重受挫。在吸取教训和调整战略部署后,苏军以绝对优势兵力发动第二阶段进攻。芬兰军队进行了英勇抵抗,但由于双方力量悬殊,芬兰军队不断后退。在战场形势日益恶化的情况下,芬兰政府发出求和声明,接受苏联的和谈条件,双方停战。第三章分析西方国家对苏芬战争的态度。苏芬战争爆发后,盟国对战争采取了较为谨慎的态度。一方面,盟国从道义上和物质上对芬兰的抵抗进行了援助;另一方面,盟国避免和苏联发生直接的军事对抗,把给芬兰的援助局限在一定范围之内,始终没有派正规军队援助芬兰。斯堪的那维亚国家从自身利益出,对外奉行中立政策,拒绝盟国援助芬兰的军队过境,限制了西方对芬兰的援助。在某种程度上,盟国和斯堪的纳维亚国家对芬兰的政策决定了芬兰抗战的命运。的第四章分析了苏芬战争的影响。战争给双方造成了重大的人员伤亡和财产损失,把有可能成为苏联盟友的芬兰推入德国法西斯的怀抱。苏联进攻芬兰降低了苏联在国际上享有的良好声誉,加快了德国进攻苏联的步伐。苏芬战争暴露了苏军在军事训练,指挥机制等方面的缺点。苏军在芬兰战场上的失利,引起苏联领导人的反思,推动了苏军的军事领导体制改革和军队的现代化建设,为取得反法西斯战争的胜利创造了有利条件。第五章分析了苏芬战争中交战双方胜败得失的原因。苏军以绝对优势的兵力进攻芬兰,但在战争初期却遭到惨重的失败。苏联初战失利的原因是多方面的,从主观上来说,苏联的军事领导体制限制了苏军积极性和主动性的发挥,抵消了苏军在武器装备上的优势,苏联领导人犯了轻敌的错误,在没有完全做好军事准备工作的情况下,发动对芬兰的军事进攻,在战争初期遭到军事上的惨败。从客观上来说,芬兰严寒的气候和森林密布、湖泊众多的自然环境不利于苏军机械化部队行动。芬兰军队充分发挥本土作战的优势,采用了符合本国实际情况的战略战术,取得了初战的胜利。苏军在调整部署后,凭借绝对优势的兵力和武器装备迫使芬兰求和,接受苏联提出的和谈条件。
[Abstract]:1939 - 1940 winter war is an important link in the early days of the Second World War the Soviet Union building. The eastern front had great influence on the Soviet Finnish war military reform and Finland's foreign policy. But for a long time, due to historical reasons, the domestic research in this area is weak, on the outbreak of war causes and effects there is still controversy, so the study of Finnish war has important theoretical value and practical significance.
The full text is divided into the preface, the body and the conclusion of the three parts, and the main body of the text is five chapters.
The first chapter analyzes the background of the winter war broke out. In the German fascist aggression and the situation of the British and French appeasement policy, the Soviet Union tried to establish a buffer zone against German aggression in the territory of Finland. Between the Soviet foreign policy to Finland and Finland's neutral policy of mutual conflict, the development of this contradiction led to the outbreak of the winter war the fundamental reasons for the outbreak of war. The Soviet Union in order to protect their own safety and damage the interests of Finland, is the direct cause of Finland adhere to neutrality policy unswervingly failed.
The second chapter of the winter war. After the winter war is divided into two stages. In the first stage of the war, the Soviet offensive encounter Finland military strong resistance, suffered a serious setback. In lessons and adjust strategic deployment, the Soviet troops overwhelmingly launched the second phase of attack. Finland army carried out a heroic resistance, but due to the disparity in strength, Finland army continued to retreat. In the battlefield situation worsening situation, and the government of Finland issued a statement, accept the conditions for peace talks, the two sides of a truce.
The third chapter analyzes the attitude of western countries on the Finnish winter war. After the outbreak of the war, the allies took a more cautious attitude towards war. On the one hand, the allies from the moral and material of Finland resistance of aid; on the other hand, the allies and the Soviet Union to avoid direct military confrontation, give aid to Finland limited in a certain range, has not sent formal military aid to Finland. Scandinavian countries from their own interests, foreign aid allies refused to pursue a policy of neutrality, Finland's military transit, limiting the Western aid to Finland. To some extent, the state decided Scandinavia Finland war allies and the fate of Finland policy.
The fourth chapter analyzes the impact of the winter war. The war has caused heavy casualties and property losses to both sides, Finland is likely to become the ally of the Soviet Union into the German Fascist arms. The Soviet offensive in Finland reduced the good reputation of the Soviet Union enjoys in the world, to speed up the pace. The German attack on the Soviet Finnish war exposed the Soviets in military training, command mechanism and other shortcomings. The Soviet defeat on the battlefield in Finland, caused by reflection of Soviet leaders, to promote the reform of the Soviet military leadership system and military modernization, and create favorable conditions for the victory of the anti fascist war.
The fifth chapter analyzes the reason of the winter war fought in both victory and defeat loss. Soviet troops overwhelmingly attack Finland, but early in the war was disastrous failure. The reason why the Soviet Union first defeat is in many aspects, from the subjective point of view, the military leadership system of the Soviet Union to limit Soviet enthusiasm and initiative. To offset the Soviet in weapons advantage, the leaders of the Soviet Union made a mistake in not to underestimate the enemy, military ready to work, to launch a military attack on Finland, bombed the military in the early days of the war. Objectively speaking, Finland cold weather and forest, many lakes in the natural environment for the Soviet mechanized forces action. The army of Finland give full play to the advantages of local operations, the strategy and tactics according to their own actual situation, has achieved initial victory. The Soviets in the adjustment part After the administration, the forces and weapons of the absolute superiority forced Finland to seek and accept the terms of the peace talks proposed by the Soviet Union.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K152

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