审判查理一世与英国君权观的变化

发布时间：2018-03-01 01:27

本文关键词： 英国审判查理一世君权观　出处：《武汉大学》2011年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：审判查理一世是英国内战高潮阶段的重大政治事件。本文以审判的背景、过程及其政治文化效应为主要线索,考察审判前后英国主要政治集团君权观的变化。考察时段起于英国宗教改革,止于英格兰自由共和国时期(Free State and Commonwealth)。论文由引文、正文和结语三个部分组成。引文部分集中解决两个问题：其一,有关审判查理一世研究的学术史回顾。根据各个时期的研究特点,可大体上划分为主观叙述阶段和考辩式、多维度研究阶段。其二,与本课题相关的几个问题。即：论文的研究思路、研究资料、时间断限、内战和君权观的定义。正文分为三章。第一章主要从理论和政治实践的角度出发,考察审判查理一世的历史背景。第一节讨论英国内战前的绝对君权理论和异端君权理论。前者认为主权属于君主,强调“君权神授”、“国王不会犯错”、“不可反对暴君”等政治信条。后者则认为最高权力属于人民,具体表现为契约论、大众主权论和抵抗暴君论。后者在政治文化中虽然属于边缘理论,但为审判查理一世提供了理论基础。第二节和第三节分别考察“王在议会”君权观在都铎王朝和斯图亚特王朝早期的政治实践。英国宗教改革过程中形成的“王在议会”君权观潜藏着紧张关系,这要求君臣在政治实践中必须以和谐均衡为目标,而詹姆斯一世和查理一世逐步打破了君臣之间的平衡,臣民表达对君主不满的方式从最初的抗议或请愿转变为审判佞臣,这就为审判查理一世积累了政治和司法经验。论文第二章考察战争双方对“君主双重身体”的认识和对“杀人犯”的讨论。内战期间两大阵营对君主双重身体的认识具有本质上的差异,但双方口诛笔伐的结果使查理一世蜕变为自然人,这为进一步谴责查理提供了理论契机。英国内战期间两大阵营对“杀人犯”和血罪的讨论使君主的神圣特质消失殆尽,“罪在国王”、“血债血偿”的呼声使审判成了顺理成章之举。论文第三章考察了审判与否的争论、审判过程及其政治文化效应。审判查理一世实质上是新旧君权观之间的激烈碰撞和较量,前者表现为以大众主权和契约论为主体的君权人授观,后者体现为以命定论和父权主义为主要内容的君权神授观。审判的结束并非新旧君权观博弈的终结,而是进一步对抗。结果,新君权观被提升为主流话语。但审判和处决查理一世激发了人们对君主及君主制的崇拜和向往。即便如此,君权观的变革仍旧在传统的复苏中留下了印记。结语部分是对全文的总结。审判查理一世前后,英国人的君权观经历了如下变化：英国君主形象经历了神圣到世俗的转变,虽然审判后,君主形象又变得神圣,但无法改变其没落的事实。君主权威也从神授和不可分割,转变为“王在议会”混合君权观和大众主权观。英国君权观的变化与审判查理一世之间是相互作用的。新君权观为审判查理一世提供了理论武器,并为之呐喊助威。反过来,审判查理一世践行了新君权观,巩固了后者在英国政治文化中的地位。
[Abstract]:The trial of Charlie Thi is a major political event of the English Civil War climax. The trial of the background, process and effect of political culture as the main clue, to study the change of the trial before and after the main political group in the United Kingdom. The study period from the view of the English Reformation, ending in England free Republic (Free State and Commonwealth).
This paper consists of three parts, introduction, text and epilogue. The introduction part focuses on two issues: first, review of the academic history of the study of the trial of Charlie Thi. According to the characteristics of each period, can be roughly divided into subjective narrative stage and debate, multi dimension research stage. Secondly, several problems associated with this topic:. Research ideas, research data, time limit, and the definition of civil war view.
The text is divided into three chapters.
The first chapter mainly from the perspective of political theory and practice angle, inspects the historical background of the trial of Charlie Thi. The first section discusses the English Civil War before the absolute monarchical power theory and heresy theory. The former that sovereignty belongs to the monarch, emphasizing the divine right of kings, "the king can do no wrong", "not to be against the tyrant" political creed of the latter. That the highest power belongs to the people, the specific performance of contract theory, popular sovereignty and fromtyranny theory. The latter in political culture although belongs to the edge of the theory, but provides a theoretical basis for the trial of Charlie in the world. The second section and third section respectively on "King View in the political practice of Tudor and Stuart early in Parliament the formation process of the English Reformation. The" king in parliament "the concept of hidden tensions, which requires the monarch in political practice must be balanced and harmonious as the goal James and Charlie, and I gradually break the balance between the monarch and the subjects on the expression of dissatisfaction with the way the monarch from the protest or change the original petition for the trial courtier, which accumulate the political and judicial experience for the trial of Charlie Thi.
The second chapter examines the war understanding of "dual monarchy body" and the "murderer" is discussed. The difference between the two camps during the civil war of the body but the dual monarchy, was the Charlie I change to a natural person, which provides an opportunity for further theoretical discussion condemning Charlie. During the English Civil war two camps of "murderers" and the crime of blood divine attributes monarch disappeared, "sin in the king", "blood" voice trial into logical move.
The third chapter reviews the debate whether or not the trial, the trial process and its political and cultural effect. The trial of Charlie Thi is essentially a fierce collision and competition between the old and the monarchical power view, the former is the popular sovereignty and the theory of contract as the main body of the monarchical power were granted, the latter is embodied in fatalism and patriarchy as the main content of the monarchical power the end of the trial. The divine view is not the end of the game between the old and the new concept of monarchy, but further confrontation. As a result, the new concept was promoted to the mainstream discourse. But the trial and execution of Charlie I inspire people to worship and yearning for the monarch and the monarchy. Even so, the mark in the traditional concept of change is still in recovery.
The conclusion part is a summary. The trial of Charlie Thi before and after the British monarchy concept has experienced the following changes: the image of the British monarch of the holy experience to secular change, although after the trial, the monarch image becomes sacred, but can not change the facts. The decline of the sovereign authority from God and can not be divided into "the king in the parliament" mixed view and popular sovereignty. The change of British monarchical concept and the trial of Charlie I are interacting. Provide a new theory for the trial of Charlie Thi view of monarchical power, and to cry cheer. In turn, the trial of Charlie I was practicing the new concept of the monarchical power, consolidate the status in the UK in the political culture.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D756.1;K561.4

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