中世纪晚期欧洲军事领域内的火药革命

发布时间：2018-03-01 12:27

本文关键词： 中世纪晚期欧洲军事火药革命火药武器　出处：《首都师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 内内内内容容容提提要:从14世纪到16世纪,当世界其他地区正处于缓慢发展的时候,欧洲军事领域内正发生着一系列的变革。火药革命就是其中之一,它不仅使欧洲战争的面貌发生了急剧的变化,而且对欧洲社会产生了深远影响。火药革命的出现成为了促进欧洲封建制瓦解的标志性事件,有力地促进了欧洲由封建社会向资本主义社会的过渡,加速了现代文明在欧洲的诞生。了解欧洲军事领域内的火药革命,有利于探索近代欧洲崛起的奥秘。全文由六部分组成。绪论部分主要是对火药革命的概况、火药革命的争论和火药革命的研究状况做出了说明。火药革命开始的时候发展缓慢,进入15世纪后在欧洲军事领域内轰轰烈烈地展开。火药革命究竟是欧洲军事革命的一个阶段还是军事革命的起因,引起了许多研究中世纪军事历史的专家学者们的争议。第一章主要介绍阐述中国的火药传入欧洲后,欧洲人大体上如何制造和生产火药。火药传入欧洲大陆时,正是欧洲政治四分五裂、战争不断的时期,在这种背景下,火药由于其强大的威力,一开始就被应用到欧洲的军事领域。14世纪,欧洲火药的价格非常昂贵,火药武器的巨大威力也没有得到充分发挥。第二章主要以中世纪晚期欧洲火炮和火枪为研究对象,阐述了欧洲火药武器的发展历程。中世纪晚期火炮的发展分为三个阶段:14世纪初到15世纪初的出现阶段、15世纪初到15世纪末的发展阶段、16世纪的改进阶段。欧洲火枪的发展比火炮要稍晚,15世纪之后,各种类型的火枪不断出现,从简单到复杂,从落后到先进。这一章还简要论述了火药武器在欧洲获得迅速发展的原因。, 第三章在考察火药革命在欧洲军事领域内带来的变革基础上,对火药武器给城堡建筑的改造、中世纪晚期欧洲海上战争、欧洲军事领域内的医疗带来的影响都做出了阐述。欧洲的军事变革以火药武器为基础,开轰轰烈烈地展开。大约在16世纪末17世纪初,欧洲的军事技术优势越来越明显。第四章主要阐述火药革命对欧洲社会产生的重要影响。通过火药武器对欧洲政治和经济上带来的影响,指出火药革命给欧洲社会带来的巨大变化。欧洲军事领域内的火药革命,一方面是欧洲政治制度与中国的火药技术相结合的重要产物。另一方面,它又是欧洲人思想意识与科学技术相结合的产物。火药革命不仅给欧洲的军事带来了重要变化,还对欧洲社会产生了重要影响。近代之后,欧洲迅速走上对外扩张的道路,这与火药革命带来的重要影响是密不可分的。
[Abstract]:From 14th century to 16th century, while the rest of the world was slowly developing, a series of changes were taking place in the European military field. Gunpowder revolution was one of them. It not only made a dramatic change in the face of the European war, but also had a profound impact on European society. The emergence of the gunpowder revolution became a landmark event that contributed to the collapse of European feudalism. It has promoted the transition from feudal society to capitalist society and accelerated the birth of modern civilization in Europe. Understanding the gunpowder revolution in the military field of Europe is beneficial to the exploration of the mystery of the rise of modern Europe. The full text consists of six parts. The introduction mainly explains the general situation of the gunpowder revolution, the debate about the gunpowder revolution and the research status of the gunpowder revolution. The gunpowder revolution developed slowly at the beginning of the gunpowder revolution. In 15th century, the gunpowder revolution was launched in the military field of Europe. Whether the gunpowder revolution is a stage of the European military revolution or the cause of the military revolution has aroused controversy among many experts and scholars studying the military history of the Middle Ages. The first chapter mainly introduces how the Europeans made and produced gunpowder after China's gunpowder was introduced into Europe. When gunpowder was introduced into the continent, it was a period when European politics was torn apart and wars continued. Gunpowder was applied to the European military field from the beginning because of its powerful power. The price of gunpowder in Europe was very expensive, and the great power of gunpowder weapons was not fully utilized. The second chapter focuses on the European artillery and musketeers in the late Middle Ages. The development of gunpowder weapons in Europe is described. The development of artillery in the late Middle Ages can be divided into three stages: the emerging stage from the beginning of the 14th century to the beginning of 15th century, and the stage of development from the beginning of the 15th century to the end of 15th century, and the stage of improvement of the 16th century in Europe. Musketeers developed a little later than artillery after the 15th century. Various types of muskets are emerging, from simple to complex, from backward to advanced. This chapter also briefly discusses the reasons for the rapid development of gunpowder weapons in Europe. The third chapter, based on the investigation of the revolution brought by the gunpowder revolution in the military field of Europe, the transformation of gunpowder weapons into the castle building, the European Maritime War in the late Middle Ages, The military revolution in Europe was based on gunpowder weapons and spread out vigorously. About the end of 16th century and the beginning of 17th century, the superiority of military technology in Europe became more and more obvious. Chapter 4th mainly expounds the important influence of gunpowder revolution on European society and points out the great changes brought by gunpowder revolution to European society through the influence of gunpowder weapons on European politics and economy. The gunpowder revolution in the European military field, on the one hand, is an important product of the combination of the European political system and China's gunpowder technology. On the other hand, It was also the product of the combination of European ideology and science and technology. The gunpowder revolution not only brought important changes to Europe's military, but also had an important impact on European society. After modern times, Europe quickly embarked on the path of external expansion. This was inextricably linked to the important impact of the gunpowder revolution.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K5;E19

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