日本战时统制体制研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 00:23

本文选题：近代化　切入点：二元性　出处：《东北师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：日本战时统制体制的形成有着深厚的社会背景。明治维新之后,日本制定了大陆政策,但是日本由于国家权力掌控的二元化和经济结构的二元化难以将人力、物力和财力结合起来服务于对外扩张政策,因此建立战时统制体制成为军部的迫切需要。在第一次世界大战之后到“九·一八”事变之前,日本社会正处于转型期,政党政治产生的困惑、经济危机和外交环境的相对恶化成为萦绕在这一时期的日本人心头的乌云,日本社会迫切需要做出改变。对政党政治和国家体制的不满,导致了自由主义开始衰落,保守主义迅速复活,国家改造思想兴盛起来。日本军部“统制派”就是利用了民众的不满情绪,在“总体战”思想的指导下,结合日本社会的实际,逐步建立起了战时统制体制。日本的战时统制体制经历了准战时统制体制、国家总动员体制,大政翼赞体制等发展阶段。总体战中的“战争至上主义”和“国家至上主义”对日本建立战时统制体制起到了理论指导的作用。军部为了实现“举国一致”和“一亿总组织化”进而应对战争中总体战形势的发展的需要,必须建立以军部为主导的统制体制。于是军部解散政党,建立大政翼赞会,从政府的内阁成员到地区部落会成员都被包含在大政翼赞会之中,又通过翼赞选举,逐步控制了议会,这样政治统制就建立起来了。同时,通过制定《重要工业统制法》等法令,以同财阀建立“军财抱合”的形式将经济迅速军事化,从而建立起对经济的统制。通过颁布《言论出版集会临时取缔法》建立对思想言论的控制。通过新建产业报国会,大日本妇人会和利用原有的在乡军人会等将民众组织起来,加强对人身、行动和思想的控制。由此建立了全方位的战时统制体制。日本的战败标志着战时统制体制的终结。战时统制体制严重地打乱了日本社会秩序,给日本社会带来严重危害,其所服务的侵略战争给亚洲人民带来巨大伤害,同时使日本的近代化迅速倒退。日本战时统制体制不仅是军部法西斯化的结果,同时也是近代化矛盾的一次集中爆发,这样的认识有助于我们更加全面地把握这一历史问题。
[Abstract]:The formation of Japan's wartime system of control had a profound social background. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan formulated a continental policy, but it was difficult for Japan to turn manpower into a dual system of state power and economic structure. The combination of material resources and financial resources to serve the foreign expansion policy made it an urgent need to establish a wartime system of control. After the first World War and before the September 18 incident, Japanese society was undergoing a period of transformation. The confusion of party politics, the economic crisis and the relative deterioration of the diplomatic environment have become a dark cloud in the minds of the Japanese who haunted this period, and Japanese society urgently needs to make changes. This led to the decline of liberalism, the rapid revival of conservatism, and the flourishing of the idea of national transformation. The Japanese military Command's "controlling faction" took advantage of the discontent of the people, guided by the idea of "general war", and combined with the reality of Japanese society. The wartime control system was gradually established. Japan's wartime control system experienced a quasi-wartime system of control, a national general mobilization system, The "war supremacy" and "national supremacy" in the general war have played a theoretical role in guiding Japan's establishment of a wartime system of control. In 100 million, the General Organization "then responded to the needs of the development of the overall war situation in the war," It was necessary to establish a system of command led by the military headquarters. So the military department dissolved the political parties and established the political wing and praises association, which included members of the cabinet of the Government and members of the regional tribal associations, and were elected through the wing of the political wing. With the gradual control of the Parliament, political control was established. At the same time, the economy was rapidly militarized through the enactment of decrees such as the Law on the Control of Major Industries, and the establishment of a "military and financial confluence" with the chaebol. Thus establishing a system of control over the economy. Through the promulgation of the Law on the temporary Prohibition of speech, publication, and Assembly, the establishment of control over thought and speech. Through the New Industry for the National Association, the Great Japanese Women's Association, and the use of the former commune soldiers' associations, the masses were organized. Strengthen the control of person, action and thought. Japan's defeat marked the end of the wartime system of control, which seriously disrupted Japanese social order and caused serious harm to Japanese society. The war of aggression it served caused great harm to the people of Asia. Japan's wartime control system is not only the result of the fascism of the military headquarters, but also a centralized outbreak of the contradiction of modernization. This understanding helps us to grasp this historical problem more comprehensively.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K313

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