色诺芬及其《希腊志》

发布时间：2018-03-06 12:34

本文选题：色诺芬　切入点：希腊志　出处：《东北师范大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 色诺芬是古希腊历史上一位十分重要的史家,他被西方学者归为“古希腊三大史家”之一,与希罗多德和修昔底德比肩齐名。但与两位前辈相比,色诺芬既无希氏的创史之魄,又欠修氏的严谨之风,故后世对色诺芬本人的评价亦远逊于二者。《希腊志》是色诺芬主要历史著作之一,其历史记载的时间断限上接修昔底德辍笔之处即公元前411年,下限到曼丁尼亚战役结束即公元前362年。在古希腊历史上,公元前五、四世纪是社会变动、政治变乱、思想变化的一个重要时期。作为一亲历者,色诺芬以宽广的视角,简约明了的叙事手段记录下那一时期的人与事,其作品的独特之处更是我们关注的焦点。记载公元前四世纪的古希腊史事的诸多史著或遗失不见,或残缺不全,使得色诺芬的《希腊志》成为记载那段时期古希腊历史的重要凭依,其史料价值的重要性不言自明。《希腊志》是一部承前启后的历史著作,希罗多德和修昔底德的作品是色诺芬写作希腊史所要参照的历史坐标,在叙事方式、故事情节等方面无一不显露出其前辈们的史学影响;色诺芬尊崇斯巴达人的德行,《希腊志》中的道德教化功能渐被后世学者所认识;《希腊志》的另一特点是敬神观念,向神献祭、解释神谕是古希腊人的日常活动;色诺芬的斯巴达想象常被人误认为他有斯巴达倾向,遂引起对其史德的批判:丰富的人生经历、开阔的史学视野使色诺芬成为泛希腊主义的代表之一,这些极大地影响了后来的史家们及他们的作品。色诺芬的《希腊志》是能够使其无愧于“古希腊三大史家”称号的一部经典之作,其行文间接、清新明快、内容翔实、观点鲜明。但是由于写作的方法、目的、立场以及风格等与前人,特别是修昔底德迥异,所以近世被众人所诟病,以致于对他的研究和重视陷于停滞。近二十多年来,西方史学界对色诺芬之《希腊志》的整理、注疏和解读重又出现,蔚然成风,且成绩突出。故对其《希腊志》的史学价值得以重新估量,正确对待。本文基于色诺芬《希腊志》的原著以及近二十年来的最新研究成果,力图重新评析著者及其作品。
[Abstract]:Xenophon is a very important historian in the history of ancient Greece. He was classified as one of the "three great historians of ancient Greece" by Western scholars, and was known as Herodotus and Thucydides. Due to the lack of strict style of Xiu's, later generations also appraised Xenophon himself much less than both. Greek Chronicles is one of the main historical works of Xenophon, whose historical time limit is followed by Thucydides' drop pen in 411 BC, the lower limit to the end of the Battle of Mandinia, that is, 362 BC. In ancient Greek history, 5 BC, 4th century was an important period of social change, political upheaval, and ideological change. As an experienced person, Xenophon recorded the people and events of that period in a broad perspective and simple narrative. The uniqueness of his works is the focus of our attention. Many of the historical works that recorded the history of ancient Greece in 4th century BC were lost, lost, or incomplete. The Greek chronicles of Xenophon became an important basis for recording the Greek history of that period, and the importance of its historical value was self-evident. Greek Chronicles is a historical work connecting the past and the future. The works of Herodotus and Thucydides are the historical coordinates that Xenophen should refer to in the writing of Greek history, in the way of narration. The historical influence of his predecessors was revealed in all aspects of the story plot; Sanofen respected the virtue of the Spartans, and the function of moral enlightenment in the Greek Book was gradually recognized by later generations; another characteristic of the Greek Book was the concept of deity. Offering sacrifices to God, explaining that the oracle was the daily activity of the ancient Greeks; Spartan's Spartan imagination was often mistaken for his Spartan tendencies, which led to criticism of his morality: rich life experiences, The broad view of historiography made Xenophon one of the representatives of pan-Hellenism, which greatly influenced the later historians and their works. Xenophon's Greek Chronicles is a classic that can make it worthy of the title of "the three great historians of ancient Greece". Its wording is indirect, fresh and lively, full of substance and bright points of view. But because of the method of writing, the purpose, His position and style are quite different from those of his predecessors, especially Thucydides, so they have been criticized in modern times, and his research and attention have stalled. For more than 20 years, Western historians have organized Sanovine's Greek Chronicles. The historical value of the Greek Chronicles has been reassessed and treated correctly. This paper is based on the original works of Xenophon and the latest research results in the past 20 years. Trying to reassess the author and his work.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K545.0

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