二战后的英国新镇研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 09:41

本文选题：埃比尼泽·霍华德　切入点：田园城市　出处：《河北师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：19世纪末,伴随着工业革命所带来的人口与工业急剧向城市集中,英国出现了严重的城市问题。社会改革家埃比尼泽·霍华德创立田园城市理论,提出了一种崭新的解决方案,但在随后的理论发展中,有关社会改革的部分逐渐被抛弃,其中城市规划与设计的部分则保留下来。二战后,英国政府依据变化后的田园城市理论大规模兴建新镇,取得了巨大的成功,并引起了世界范围内的兴建新镇的热潮。目前,国内学者对于英国新镇的研究,主要是从城市规划学的角度探讨霍华德田园城市理论的重要地位和深远影响。本文借鉴已有的学术成果,试图对英国田园城市理论在具体实践过程中发生的变化、二战后的政府的新镇建设及其特征进行分析,以期对英国的城市化有更为深入的认识。正文共分五部分: 第一部分追溯新镇运动兴起的原因、田园城市理论的产生及其异化过程;第二部分首先介绍田园城市理论的提出者及其支持者所筹建的新镇:莱奇沃思和韦林;其次,在田园城市理论及其实践影响下,英国政府城市规划的演变与举措;第三部分介绍二战后雷斯委员会的成立及其对城市问题的分析,特别论述其所提出的新镇的总体规划;概要介绍英国政府大规模建设新镇的三个历史阶段;第四部分与传统城市相比较,分析新镇所具有的特点,如全面规划、功能完备、力求实现自足;兼具城市、乡村的优点;工业的布局合理、重视产业平衡;独特的交通设计等;指出战后新镇也存在许多“不足”,尽管新镇取得了巨大的成就,但并没有完全解决城市问题;第五部分认为英国的新镇建设在世界范围内产生了深远影响,为世界的城市建设提供了一个极具价值的发展方向,在许多国家都引发了建设新镇的热潮,这也是霍华德田园城市理论的生机所在。总之,英国新镇运动虽已成为历史,但却为世界范围内的城市规划理论和实践的发展奠定了重要基础。它形成了新的规划思想,使城市规划学科发展到了一个新高度。在实践中,英国新镇建设也积累了许多宝贵的经验,对世界城市发展史的影响不容忽视。
[Abstract]:In late 19th century, with the rapid concentration of population and industry brought about by the industrial revolution, there was a serious urban problem in England. Ebenezer Howard, a social reformer, created the rural city theory and proposed a new solution. However, in the subsequent theoretical development, the part on social reform was gradually abandoned, and the part of urban planning and design was preserved. After World War II, the British government built new towns on a large scale based on the changed rural urban theory. Great success has been achieved, and a worldwide upsurge in the construction of new towns has arisen. At present, domestic scholars have studied new towns in Britain. This paper mainly discusses the important position and far-reaching influence of Howard's pastoral urban theory from the perspective of urban planning. After World War II, the government's new town construction and its characteristics were analyzed in order to have a deeper understanding of Britain's urbanization. The text is divided into five parts:. The first part traces the causes of the rise of the new town movement, the emergence and alienation of the rural city theory; the second part introduces the new town: Lecchiworth and Wering, which are proposed by the proponents of the rural city theory and their supporters; secondly, Under the influence of idyllic city theory and practice, the evolvement and measures of the British government's urban planning are introduced in the third part, the establishment of the Les Committee after World War II and its analysis of the urban problems are introduced, especially the overall planning of the new town. This paper briefly introduces the three historical stages of the large-scale construction of new towns by the British government: part 4th, compared with the traditional cities, analyzes the characteristics of the new towns, such as overall planning, complete functions, self-sufficiency, the advantages of both cities and villages; The layout of industry is reasonable, the industry balance is emphasized, the unique traffic design and so on, points out that there are many "shortcomings" in the new town after the war, although the new town has made great achievements, it has not completely solved the urban problems. In 5th, it was considered that the construction of new towns in Britain had a profound impact on the world, which provided a valuable direction of development for the world's urban construction, and triggered the upsurge of building new towns in many countries. This is also the vitality of Howard's rural city theory. In a word, although the New Town Movement in England has become a history, it has laid an important foundation for the development of urban planning theory and practice in the world. The subject of urban planning has been developed to a new height. In practice, the construction of new towns in Britain has accumulated many valuable experiences, which can not be ignored in the history of the development of cities in the world.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K561.5

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