撒切尔政府时期英国能源政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 18:21

本文选题：英国　切入点：撒切尔政府　出处：《陕西师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 能源问题是一个世界瞩目的焦点问题。英国的撒切尔政府在能源政策方面提出了很多创见。它提出了能源市场的理念,转变了战后英国能源行业的所有制形式,并努力在英国的能源行业引入竞争机制,为其后英国政府能源政策的发展奠定了一定的基础。本文将从撒切尔政府之前英国政府的能源政策开始,介绍撒切尔政府前英国的情况。然后,具体介绍撒切尔政府时期英国的能源政策情况。最后,对它进行评论和分析。本文主要分为五个部分。第一部分主要介绍撒切尔政府前英国政府的能源政策情况,主要包括战后初期艾德礼工党政府的能源行业国有化政策、五六十年代以核能为中心的能源政策以及七十年代英国的能源安全政策等。能源政策是一个过程,具有连续性,撒切尔政府时期的能源政策必须继承它之前的政府在能源政策方面的成果和教训。第二部分主要讲述的撒切尔政府时期英国的能源政策,具体包括:能源行业私有化政策、能源安全政策、能源节约和开发政策等。能源私有化政策包括煤气行业的私有化和电力行业的私有化以及石油行业的私有化,其中煤气行业和电力行业的私有化为未来煤炭行业和核能行业的私有化准备了条件。能源安全政策主要包括:鼓励发展核能;打破全国矿工联合会对煤炭行业的控制以及提倡燃料的替代。这两部分是撒切尔政府时期英国能源政策的重点。能源的节约和开发也是撒切尔政府能源政策的重要方面。第三部分具体分析了影响撒切尔政府时期英国能源政策的几个重要因素,主要有:经济因素、政党斗争和意识形态因素、环境因素和欧共体因素。其中,经济和意识形态因素是最为重要的。第四部分主要是从取得的成就和存在的问题两个方面对撒切尔政府时期英国能源政策进行了评价。从取得的成就来看,主要包括:撒切尔政府时期英国的能源政策引入了能源市场的概念,部分实现了撒切尔政府私有化能源行业的目标,有利于英国能源行业的竞争;维护了英国能源供应的安全;节约了能源,认识到了环境问题的重要性,有利于可再生能源的开发和利用。同时,还存在一些问题,主要有:撒切尔政府时期的能源私有化政策的目的应当是在能源行业引入竞争机制,建立真正的市场,而不是仅仅把能源行业从国有转为私有,而且私有化本身也存在问题;环境问题依旧没有成为撒切尔政府时期英国关注的重点;以及英国依旧没有形成一个统一明确的能源政策,等等。最后一部分是结语部分,主要对撒切尔政府时期英国的能源政策进行简明扼要的总结,以及从撒切尔政府时期实行的能源政策中所得到的启示。
[Abstract]:Energy is the focus of world attention. The Thatcher government in Britain has put forward a lot of ideas on energy policy. It has put forward the idea of the energy market and changed the form of ownership of the energy industry in Britain after the war. And try to introduce the competition mechanism in the energy industry of the United Kingdom, which laid a certain foundation for the development of the energy policy of the British government after that. This article will begin with the energy policy of the British government before Thatcher's government. This paper introduces the former British situation of Thatcher's government. Then, it introduces the British energy policy during Thatcher's administration. Finally, it is reviewed and analyzed. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part mainly introduces the energy policy of the former British government of Thatcher government, including the nationalization of energy industry of the Attlee Labour government in the early postwar period. The nuclear energy policy of the 1950s and 1960s and the energy security policy of the United Kingdom in 70s. Energy policy is a process with continuity. Thatcher's energy policy must inherit its previous government's achievements and lessons on energy policy. The second part mainly describes the British energy policy during the Thatcher government, including the privatization policy of the energy industry, the energy security policy. Energy conservation and development policies, etc. Energy privatization policies include the privatization of the gas industry, the privatization of the electricity industry and the privatization of the oil industry, Among them, the privatization of gas and power industries provides conditions for the privatization of the coal and nuclear industries in the future.Energy security policies mainly include: encouraging the development of nuclear energy; Breaking down the NMCO's control of the coal industry and promoting fuel substitution are two key parts of British energy policy during Thatcher's administration, and energy conservation and development are also important aspects of Thatcher's energy policy. The third part analyzes several important factors that influence the British energy policy during Thatcher's administration, including economic factors, political party struggles and ideology, environmental factors and EC factors. Economic and ideological factors are of paramount importance. The 4th part mainly evaluates the British energy policy during the Thatcher government from the aspects of achievements and problems. The main contents are as follows: the concept of energy market was introduced into Britain's energy policy during Thatcher's administration, which partly realized the goal of Thatcher's privatizing energy industry, which was conducive to the competition of British energy industry, and maintained the security of British energy supply. Saving energy, recognizing the importance of environmental problems and contributing to the development and use of renewable energy, and at the same time, there are a number of problems, The main results are as follows: the purpose of the energy privatization policy during Thatcher's administration should be to introduce competition mechanism and establish real market in the energy industry, not only to change the energy industry from state-owned to private, but also to privatize itself; Environmental issues have still not been the focus of British attention during Thatcher's administration, and Britain still does not have a unified energy policy, and so on. The last part is the conclusion, which mainly summarizes the energy policy of Britain during the Thatcher government and the enlightenment from the energy policy implemented in the Thatcher government.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：F416.2;K561.5

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