苏联中东政策的调整及实践（1954-1956）

发布时间：2018-03-08 08:36

本文选题：苏联　切入点：中东政策　出处：《首都师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪50年代,根据国际形势的变化和本国战略利益的定位,这一时期苏联中东政策逐渐发生转变。本文主要论述1954—1956年苏联中东政策调整的背景、实践过程及其影响。全文共分为四章：第一章主要论述了20世纪40年代后期,在英国一手控制中东局势难以维持的形势下,苏联采取的中东政策。通过支持巴勒斯坦分治计划,打击英国在中东特别是在阿拉伯国家的势力,支持犹太复国主义,拉近与以色列的关系,使苏联外交获得了更灵活的空间。第二章主要阐述了苏联调整中东政策的背景。战后中东地区民族解放运动蓬勃发展,西方国家在中东地区殖民体系危机正在日益扩大,为苏联调整与反抗殖民压迫的阿拉伯国家的关系提供了机遇。西方国家挑起冷战,不断在苏联周围组建包围圈,迫使苏联为了打破围堵,积极发展与阿拉伯国家的关系,高举支持阿拉伯国家民族解放运动和阿拉伯进步力量的旗帜,打击西方的势力。第三章重点分析了苏联对埃及政策的改变和实践。埃及推翻法鲁克王朝后,纳赛尔政府上台,坚持阿拉伯民族主义的立场,反对帝国主义所策划的军事同盟,提倡中立和不结盟政策。西方国家以提供埃及急需武器作为条件,企图迫使纳赛尔改变政策。这些为苏联将势力真正渗入中东提供了机会。由捷克斯洛伐克出面与埃及进行武器交易,通过纳赛尔在阿拉伯国家中的影响力,拉拢叙利亚、也门等国家,同时为美国势力的进入不断设置障碍,抵制巴格达条约使其最终成为虚设。第四章主要探讨了苏联对以色列政策的调整。随着以色列改变中立政策,外交重心逐渐靠近美国,苏联改变了以色列建国时对犹太人外交、军事上的支持,舆论上抨击以色列成为了殖民国家的武器,国内兴起反犹主义运动,外交上支持阿拉伯国家,指责以色列对阿拉伯国家的侵犯,在重要的武器援助问题上,拒绝了以色列的请求,转而援助阿拉伯国家。不断向以色列施加压力,试图阻止其加入西方军事同盟,同时将矛头指向美国,指责西方的殖民侵略才是中东问题的原因所在。通过对以上一些问题的探讨,我们可以发现,这一时期,苏联外交的转变和中东政策的出台与实践基本上符合苏联国情及对外政策和当时外部环境的变化。赫鲁晓夫时期采取的将苏联的战略和外交势力突入世界广大不发达地区外交政策的探索,也为苏联对抗美国、赢得在中东地区立足并扩大影响提供了重要的机会。
[Abstract]:In 1950s, according to the change of international situation and the orientation of national strategic interests, the Soviet Union's Middle East policy gradually changed. In this paper, the background, practice process and influence of the Soviet Union's Middle East policy adjustment from 1954 to 1956 were discussed.
The full text is divided into four chapters.
The first chapter mainly discusses the late 1940s in the UK, a hand control of the situation in the Middle East is difficult to maintain the situation, take the Soviet policy in the Middle East. By supporting the partition plan for Palestine, against the British in the Middle East especially in Arabia state power, Zionist, closer relations with Israel, the Soviet Union won more flexible diplomacy space.
The second chapter mainly elaborates the background of the Soviet Union adjustment policy in the Middle East. The Middle East National Liberation Movement vigorous development, the western countries in the Middle East crisis colonial system is growing, provides the opportunity for the Soviet Union relationship adjustment and against colonial oppression in the state of Arabia. The western countries continue to provoke the cold war in the Soviet Union around the formation of encirclement, forcing the Soviet Union in order to break the blockade, the positive development of relations with the state of Arabia, held in support of the Arabia national liberation movement and the progressive forces in Arabia banner against Western forces.
The third chapter focuses on the analysis of the Soviet Union on the Egyptian policy change and practice. After the overthrow of the Farouk Dynasty, the Nasser administration, adhere to Arabia nationalism, anti imperialist planned military alliance, advocating neutrality and nonalignment. Western countries to provide much-needed weapons as Egypt, in an attempt to force Nasser to change policy. The Soviet forces will infiltrate into the real Middle East provides opportunities. By Czechoslovakia to the sale of weapons to Egypt, through the influence of Nasser, in Arabia in the country to Syria, Yemen and other countries, at the same time to enter the United States forces continue to set obstacles, to boycott the Baghdad Pact to eventually become useless.
The fourth chapter mainly discusses the Soviet policy towards Israel. Israel changes with the policy of neutrality, diplomatic focus gradually close to the United States, the Soviet Union changed the state of Israel for Jewish diplomacy, military support, public opinion has become a weapon to attack Israeli colonial countries, the rise of the domestic anti Semitism movement, the diplomatic support of Arabia country. Accused Israel of violation of Arabia state, assistance in weapons important, rejected Israel's request, to aid Arabia. Countries continue to exert pressure on Israel, trying to stop them join the Western military alliance, and will spearhead the United States accused the Western colonial invasion is the reason for the middle East.
Through the discussion of some of the questions above, we can see that during this period, with the practice of changing the Soviet foreign policy and the Middle East is basically in line with the national conditions and the changes of the Soviet foreign policy and external environment. At the time of Khrushchev of the Soviet Union's strategy and foreign forces into the world the underdeveloped areas of foreign policy research also, for the Soviet Union against the United States in the Middle East, to win a foothold and expand the influence and provides an important opportunity.

【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K512.5

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