工业革命后至20世纪欧洲土地产权和田制

发布时间：2018-03-08 20:07

本文选题：欧洲　切入点：英国　出处：《天津师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：工业革命之后,英国的经济增长主要集中在工业部门,而对于这个时期农业发展的研究,则往往不被重视。然而支撑起英国工业经济发展的,毫无疑问是英国的农业基础。那么,本文就致力于研究工业革命后,英国农业的土地所有权问题以及田制。本文首先回顾了国内外史学家关于英国工业革命后至20世纪英国关于土地产权和田制的研究情况,并通过对史料的研究和分析,探究了英国土地产权方面的种种变化。英国土地经历了小土地的衰落和大土地的发展,土地耕种规模逐步趋向集中；同时,英国土地出现了土地产权和经营权逐步合一的现象,具体表现为近代以来兴盛一时的租地农场制度在20世纪逐渐为自营农场所取代。也就是,英国的农场从规模上看趋于集中,从经营上看趋于自营。而无论是土地的集中还是经营权与产权的合一,其关键环节都是土地的自由转移和产权体系的明晰化。而这多归功于19世纪至20世纪初一系列土地法律的改革。同时,在英国的田制方面,无休耕的轮作制度取代了中世纪盛行的三圃制,而很多村庄的大地主开始进行大农场的联合经营,形成了一个村庄可能是有几个大地主所有,并且集中在一起联合经营的形式。而关于欧洲其他国家,本文主要讨论了法国、德国和低地国家的土地产权和田制,旨在了解欧洲其他国家的土地农业经营的风貌及与英国的差异。如法国自法国大革命开始走了与英国完全不同的小农式的农业资本主义道路；而德国虽然是走土地集中化的道路,但是其中不乏政府引导起到了很大的作用；而以荷兰为首的低地国家自近代以来走上了集中化的定制农业的道路。本文试图通过多以英国为首的欧洲国家土地产权和田制自工业革命以来发展状况的论述,展现欧洲近代转型之后的农业发达形态,并力图可以找到值得我国发展能够借鉴的经验。
[Abstract]:After the Industrial Revolution, Britain's economic growth was mainly concentrated in the industrial sector, but the study of agricultural development in this period was often ignored. This paper is devoted to the study of land ownership and land system in British agriculture after the Industrial Revolution. This paper first reviews the research on land property rights and farmland system in Britain from the British Industrial Revolution to 20th century, and through the research and analysis of historical data, This paper probes into various changes in land property rights in England. The land in England has experienced the decline of small land and the development of large land, and the scale of land cultivation has gradually tended to be concentrated. At the same time, the phenomenon of land property right and management right gradually unified in Britain. This was manifested in the fact that in 20th century, the system of leased farms, which had flourished for a while since modern times, was gradually replaced by self-employed farms. That is, farms in Britain tended to be concentrated in terms of scale. In terms of management, it tends to be self-supporting. Whether it is the centralization of land or the integration of management rights and property rights, The key links are the free transfer of land and the clarity of the property system. Much of this is due to a series of land law reforms from 19th century to early 20th century. At the same time, in the case of the land system in the United Kingdom, The no-fallow rotation system replaced the three-nursery system prevailing in the Middle Ages, and the large landlords in many villages began to work together on large farms, forming a form in which a village might be owned by several large landlords and concentrated together. As for other European countries, this paper mainly discusses the land property rights and farmland system in France, Germany and lowland countries. The purpose of this paper is to understand the style of agricultural management of land in other European countries and its differences with Britain. For example, France has taken a completely different agricultural capitalist road from Britain since the beginning of the French Revolution. Although Germany takes the road of land centralization, but there is no lack of government guidance played a great role, and the Netherlands led by the low-lying country since modern times to take the road of centralized customized agriculture. This paper attempts to show the agricultural development after the modern transformation of Europe through the discussion of the development of land property rights and farmland system in European countries led by Britain since the Industrial Revolution. And try to find the experience that our country can use for reference.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K5

【参考文献】