近代日本的藩阀政党化研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 15:38

本文选题：近代日本　切入点：藩阀　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2009年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 藩阀是指明治维新之后,在明治政府中居于中枢地位的极少数旧萨摩、长州二藩的中下级武士出身的军阀与官僚集团,由于他们功勋卓著,逐渐成为政府的领导核心,由此形成了所谓的藩阀政府。第一代藩阀的代表人物主要有伊藤博文、山县有朋、井上馨、黑田清隆、松方正义等人,尤其是伊藤博文继维新三杰大久保利通、木户孝允、西乡隆盛之后,逐渐跃居政治舞台的中心,成为藩阀的核心和代表人物,在明治中后期的日本政局中发挥了不可或缺的重要作用。作为明治宪法的制定者和藩阀的代表,他亲自制定《大日本帝国宪法》,并于明治22年(1889)2月11日以天皇御赐形式正式颁布,从此确立了以天皇为核心的多元政治体制,即明治宪法体制,由此奠定了近代日本政治体制的基石。伊藤在宪法颁布之初,发表“超然主义”演说,强调政府要超然于政党之外。但随着时势变化,尤其是自己组阁期间面对在众议院中强大的政党势力,他又不得不采取与政党之一的自由党相互提携的政策。不过在取得政党支持的同时,就必须要满足其所提出的猎官、认同其政策等诸方面的要求,与现有政党提携的成本也是客观存在的。然而,通过实践证明在立宪体制下又不可能实行“超然主义”,面临这种不利状况,伊藤逐步从接受政党最终发展到亲自组建政党。但两次计划均遭其他藩阀领袖特别是山县有朋的反对和没有得到天皇的支持而流产,最终第三次组党计划得以实现,于1900年以宪政党解散加入伊藤新党的形式,建立了立宪政友会。
[Abstract]:The vassal valve refers to a very small number of old Samos who occupied a central position in the Meiji government after the Meiji Restoration, and the warlords and bureaucrats of the middle and lower samurai of Changju and Erfan, who, because of their outstanding achievements, gradually became the core of the leadership of the government. As a result, the so-called vassal government was formed. The representatives of the first generation of the vassal warlords are mainly Ito Po-wen, Shan County with friends, Inoue Shangxin, Kuroda Qinglong, Matsufangsu, etc., especially Ito Po-wen, following the three great heroes of the reform, Kuo Huo Hsiao-yun, After the heyday of Xixiang, he gradually leapt to the center of the political stage, becoming the core and representative figure of the vassal valve, and playing an indispensable and important role in the Japanese political situation in the middle and late Meiji period. As the maker of the Meiji Constitution and the representative of the vassal valve, He personally formulated the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, which he formally promulgated in February 11th in the form of the emperor's imperial gift, and then established a pluralistic political system with the emperor as the core, that is, the Meiji constitutional system. This laid the foundation of modern Japanese political system. At the beginning of the promulgation of the Constitution, Ito delivered a "transcendental" speech, stressing that the government should be aloof from the political parties. But as the times changed, especially in the face of the powerful political party forces in the House of Representatives during his cabinet formation, He also had to adopt a policy of mutual support with the Liberal Party, one of the political parties. However, in order to gain support from political parties, he had to satisfy his demands for hunting officials, identify with his policies, and so on. The cost of carrying out the existing political parties is also objective. However, it has been proved by practice that it is impossible to carry out "detachment" under the constitutional system, facing this kind of disadvantage. Ito gradually developed from accepting a political party to forming a political party himself. However, both plans were aborted by opposition from other leaders of the vassal lords, especially those in Yamashima, and without the support of the emperor, and the third party formation plan was finally realized. In 1900, the Constitutionalism Party dissolved and joined the Ito New Party.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K313.41

【引证文献】