后回潮时代的美国女性主义第三次浪潮

发布时间：2018-03-09 15:48

本文选题：美国女性主义第三次浪潮　切入点：后女性主义　出处：《清华大学》2009年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 女性主义历史学家用浪潮(wave)这一术语来描述美国女性主义思潮在历史中的特定发展阶段,突显女性主义知识转向新阶段的动态过程。虽然第三次浪潮进入人们的视野已有十六年的历史,但是学术界对究竟什么是第三次浪潮、它包括哪些流派、它是否做出了超越第二次浪潮的贡献等方面仍有很大的争议。造成这种争议的一个外在原因是美国主流媒体潜移默化的宣传。长期以来,作为男权意识形态喉舌的美国主流媒体一直以各种形式宣传反女性主义的言论,这在1980年到1992年里根和老布什总统当政时代尤为明显,女性主义学术界因此将这一保守阶段称为回潮时代。在1992年以后的后回潮时代(post-backlash era),美国的主流媒体仍然极力宣扬反对女性主义的男权思想,而且它所采取的形式更为隐蔽。许多美国民众因此普遍认为:第三次浪潮由性感、时髦的青年女性倡导,她们对第二次浪潮持敌视和否定的态度。本文认为,第三次浪潮并不仅仅是由年轻女性倡导的女性主义,它也并不与第二次浪潮存在对抗和冲突。第三次浪潮不愿与第二次浪潮相认同的一个根本原因是:受后现代主义、后结构主义和后殖民主义等思潮的影响,美国女性主义理论内部经历着一场从追求同一、关注差异到包容差异的范式上的转变。这种转变使第三次浪潮拥护多元性,解构固化身份,拒绝中心和权威。本论文还试图论证在1992年以后的后回潮时期,美国的女性主义运动并没有像主流媒体所宣扬的那样走向终结而步入“后女性主义时代”。相反,它呈现出更为多元的理论思潮。由于认识到女性生活在压迫网络的不同节点上,这一时期的美国女性主义强调女性内部的差异,要求把“女性”的范畴具体化,并突破仅仅关注女性问题的状况而把歧视妇女的所有压迫形式包括到女性主义的纲领之中。因此女性主义致力于反对种族主义、阶级压迫、异性恋主义,帝国主义、新殖民主义、人类中心主义等各种形式的共时性压迫。青年女性主义、有色人种女性主义、后殖民女性主义、怪异理论、生态女性主义、赛博女性主义等思潮共同组成美国女性主义的第三次浪潮,呈现出多元共生和更具包容性的态势。
[Abstract]:Feminist historians use the term wave wave to describe the particular stage of American feminism in history. Although the third wave has been in the field of vision for 16 years, the academic circles have been concerned about what is the third wave and which schools it includes. Whether it has made contributions beyond the second wave is still very controversial. One external reason for this controversy is the subtle publicity of the mainstream media in the United States. For a long time, The mainstream American media, which is the mouthpiece of patriarchal ideology, has been propagating anti-feminist remarks in various forms, especially during the days of Reagan and Bush Sr. from 1980 to 1992. The feminist academic circles therefore called this conservative period the "return era". In the post-backlash era after 1992, the mainstream media in the United States still vigorously advocated the idea of masculinity against feminism. And it takes a more covert form. So many Americans generally think that the third wave is advocated by sexy, stylish young women who are hostile and negative to the second wave. The third wave is not only feminism advocated by young women, but also does not confront and conflict with the second wave. One of the fundamental reasons why the third wave is unwilling to identify with the second wave is that it is subjected to postmodernism. Under the influence of post-structuralism and post-colonialism, American feminist theory has experienced a paradigm shift from pursuing identity, paying attention to difference to tolerating difference, which makes the third wave support pluralism. Deconstruct solidify identity, reject center and authority. The thesis also tries to demonstrate that in the post-trend period after 1992, the feminist movement in the United States did not come to an end, as the mainstream media preached, and stepped into the "post-feminist era." on the contrary, Recognizing that women live on different nodes of the oppressive network, American feminism in this period emphasized the differences within women and called for the concretization of the category of "women". And to break through the mere concern about women and include all forms of oppression that discriminate against women into the feminist agenda. So feminism is committed to opposing racism, class oppression, heterosexuality, imperialism, Neocolonialism, anthropocentrism and other forms of synchronic oppression. Youth feminism, colored feminism, post-colonial feminism, weird theory, ecological feminism, Cyberfeminism and other trends of thought constitute the third wave of American feminism, showing a pluralistic symbiosis and a more inclusive trend.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712.5

【引证文献】