十八世纪英国城市公共性研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 16:03

本文选题：大众社交　切入点：公共性　出处：《华东师范大学》2006年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：十八世纪的欧洲，经历了启蒙和转型。启蒙运动孕育和传播了自由、平等、博爱的启蒙理念，促进了民主思想和现代市民社会的形成和发展。公共领域的建构可以说是欧洲十八世纪启蒙运动最主要的成就之一。它第一次将一般群众突显在历史之中，正当化了民主政治。公共领域是一种市民权力的扩张，也是都市现代化的指标，工业化与都市化的社会，促使家庭的私人与公众的公共领域分离，也是生活事务与公众事务的分开。市民社会的发育和成长，在其外在形态上表现为公共交往和活动的活跃和需求的增长。城市文化的增长使原本是区域性的公共生活，通过报纸与其他文字媒体、阅读大众的兴起、交通和社交中心的发展，变成一种社会交流的新组织与公益社会的新领域。通过公共领域市民可以建构一个“公共性”的范畴，使国家的运作能经由“公开的原则”，让权力的运作透明化，提高市民对决策的可参与性与讨论。本文主题在于对十八世纪英国城市的公共性进行考察，探讨城市公共性的形成，最终为现代市民社会的形成奠定了基础。本文通过对哈贝马斯公共领域理论的讨论，从中吸取其精华，以其进行十八世纪英国城市公共性的讨论。公共领域首先被哈贝马斯当作是一种理想类型，在十七、十八世纪曾为反对专制主义政治与专制制度发挥作用，并在资本主义初步兴盛时期不断扩张。在十八世纪的英国，公共领域也发挥了形成和塑造资产阶级公众，，使他们逐渐成长为现代意义上的市民的作用。本文就是围绕着这个主题，来对十八世纪英国的沙龙、剧院、酒馆、咖啡馆和共济会所发挥的公共性进行历史实证的研究，一方面探讨它们如何发挥了影响公共政策和制衡国家权力的作用，另一方面，主要探讨市民公众在沙龙、剧院、酒馆、咖啡馆和共济会这些公共领域中如何学会对国家事务做出合乎理性的判断，学会并获得尊重国家当局和官吏的业务的才能、操行和技能，铺平他们成长为现代意义上的市民的发展道路，也使这种公共性的作用最终促成现代市民社会的形成；此外，也对女性作为公共领域公众的组成部分在沙龙和剧院中如何发挥了作用进行了研究，对女性作为文化的消费者和接受者赋予了新的重要性。作为用公共领域理论模式来对现代市民社会形成机制的而进行的溯源性的研究和探讨，本文对共济会作为公共领域机制在英国市民社会发展进程中的作用进行了详细的探讨。市民公众在共济会这一公共领域中，学会了如何在公共场合
[Abstract]:In 18th century, Europe experienced enlightenment and transformation. The Enlightenment gave birth to and spread the enlightenment ideas of freedom, equality and fraternity. It promotes the formation and development of democratic thought and modern civil society. The construction of public sphere is one of the most important achievements of the Enlightenment Movement in 18th century in Europe, which for the first time highlights the general masses in history and legitimizes democratic politics. The public sphere is an expansion of civic power and an indicator of urban modernization. The industrialization and urbanization of the society promote the separation of the private and public spheres of the family. It is also the separation of life affairs from public affairs. The development and growth of civil society are manifested in the active public communication and activities and the growth of demand in its external form. The growth of urban culture has made the development and growth of civil society originally a regional public life. Through newspapers and other written media, the rise of reading masses, the development of transportation and social centers, has become a new organization of social communication and a new field of public society. Through the public sphere, citizens can construct a category of "publicity". So that the operation of the state can be "open principle", so that the operation of power transparent, improve the participation of citizens in decision-making and discussion. The theme of this paper is to investigate the publicity of British cities in 18th century, and to explore the formation of urban publicity, which finally laid the foundation for the formation of modern civil society. Based on the discussion of Habermas' theory of public domain, this paper draws its essence from it and discusses the public character of British cities in 18th century. The public sphere was first regarded as an ideal type by Habermas, who played a role in opposing autocratic politics and autocracy in 17, 18th century, and continued to expand during the initial boom of capitalism. The public sphere has also played the role of forming and shaping the bourgeois public and gradually growing into a modern citizen. This article revolves around this theme, to British salons, theatres, and pubs in 18th century. The publicity played by cafes and Freemasons is empirically studied. On the one hand, it discusses how they influence public policy and checks and balances the power of the state. On the other hand, they mainly discuss the public in salons, theatres and taverns. How, in the public sphere of cafes and Freemasons, to learn to make rational judgments about the affairs of the state, to learn and acquire the talents, conduct, and skills that respect the business of the state authorities and officials, To pave the way for their growth into a modern citizen, and to make this public role ultimately contribute to the formation of a modern civil society; It also studies how women play a role in salons and theatres as part of the public sphere and gives new importance to women as consumers and recipients of culture. As a traceability research and discussion on the formation mechanism of modern civil society by using the public domain theory model, This paper discusses in detail the role of Freemason as a public domain mechanism in the development of British civil society. In this public sphere, the citizen public has learned how to use it in public.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K561.4

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