启蒙视野下的德国早期浪漫派

发布时间：2018-03-10 16:42

本文选题：启蒙运动　切入点：早期浪漫派　出处：《湘潭大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 18世纪启蒙运动作为西方继文艺复兴之后第二次声势浩大的思想文化解放运动彪炳史册。德国启蒙运动作为整个欧洲启蒙运动的一个侧面,基于特殊的历史条件,表现出德国的社会转型思想特点——浪漫主义。德国启蒙运动主要经历了三个发展阶段。17世纪末德国启蒙运动开始,用理性主义为武器攻击虔敬主义神学;18世纪中叶,德国启蒙运动发展并进行自我反思,反对封建君主所提倡的理性主义,用浪漫主义反对本国的封建专制和压迫;18世纪末至十九世纪初,德国启蒙运动向前推进并进入浪漫主义时期,法国大革命的后果和拿破仑的入侵战争使得人们反思法国革命的理论模式——理性主义。早期浪漫派是这一时代的思想先锋,他们不但继承和发扬了德国启蒙思想家的思想,而且在唤醒德意志民族意识、构建德意志民族国家的政治探索方面作出了突出的贡献,加快了德国民族主义的前进脚步。德国启蒙思想家与早期浪漫派都是在四分五裂的德国社会中成长起来的,他们都渴望改变现状,渴望完成祖国的统一。由于德国资本主义工商业发展缓慢,德国资产阶级力量先天不足,他们不可能也没有力量把发动资产阶级革命作为斗争目标,因而不像英法启蒙思想家那样广泛探讨政治法律等社会问题。然而,作为时代的理论先锋,他们具有强烈的使命感。在哲学、文学、艺术等领域取得了丰硕成果,彰显了他们思想的共生性。德国启蒙运动除了具有整个欧美启蒙运动思潮的基本特征——理性和相信进步之外,还具有自己的思想特点。托马西乌斯等启蒙思想家最初以理性主义为阵地。随着德国启蒙运动的推进,启蒙思想家认识到理性主义的缺陷,进而开始反思。他们认识到“情感”的重要性,情感应该与理性互补互益,共同促进人类的进步。这种对情感与理性的双重重视,铸就了德国启蒙运动的思维方式。哈曼,赫尔德开其端,歌德、席勒将其向前推进,在早期浪漫派那里迎来了高潮。浪漫主义在文化领域的发展应用,也推动了德国民族主义的发展。它们一起构成了德国启蒙运动的独特内涵。德国早期浪漫派的政治探索,体现了德国启蒙运动的思想特点——浪漫主义,深化了启蒙运动的主旨,推动了德国民族主义的发展,揭示了世界各国由传统向现代社会发展道路的多元性,具有深远的历史意义。
[Abstract]:In 18th century, the Enlightenment was the second great ideological and cultural liberation movement in the West after the Renaissance. As a side of the European Enlightenment, the German Enlightenment was based on special historical conditions. It shows the characteristics of German social transformation thought-Romanticism. The German Enlightenment mainly experienced three stages of development. At the end of the 17th century, the German Enlightenment began to attack the theology of Lashinism with rationalism as a weapon. In the middle of the 18th century, the German Enlightenment developed and reconsidered itself. Against the rationalism advocated by feudal monarchs and against the feudal autocracy and oppression in their own country with romanticism. From the end of the 18th century to the beginning of 19th century, the German Enlightenment advanced and entered the Romantic period. The consequences of the French Revolution and Napoleon's invasion made people reflect on the theoretical model of the French Revolution-rationalism. The early romanticism was the vanguard of this era, and they not only inherited and carried forward the ideas of the German Enlightenment thinkers. Moreover, it has made outstanding contribution in arousing the national consciousness and constructing the political exploration of the German nation state, thus quickening the pace of German nationalism. German Enlightenment thinkers and early romantics grew up in a divided German society, eager to change the status quo, to complete the reunification of the motherland, because of the slow development of German capitalist industry and commerce, The German bourgeois forces are inherently deficient, and they cannot and do not have the strength to make launching the bourgeois revolution their struggle objective, and therefore they do not extensively discuss social issues such as politics and law, as did the thinkers of the British and French Enlightenment. As the theoretical vanguard of the times, they have a strong sense of mission. They have made fruitful achievements in the fields of philosophy, literature, art and so on, showing the symbiosis of their thoughts. In addition to having the basic characteristics of the whole European and American Enlightenment, the German Enlightenment was rational and believed in progress. With the advance of the German Enlightenment, the Enlightenment thinkers realized the defects of rationalism. Then they began to reflect. They realized the importance of "emotion" and that emotion and reason should complement each other to promote the progress of mankind. This dual emphasis on emotion and reason shaped the way of thinking of the German Enlightenment. Herd opened it up, Goethe and Schiller pushed it forward, culminating in the early Romantics. The development and application of romanticism in the field of culture, It also promoted the development of German nationalism, which together constituted the unique connotation of the German Enlightenment. The political exploration of the early German Romanticism embodied the ideological characteristics of the German Enlightenment-Romanticism, deepened the purport of the Enlightenment, and promoted the development of German nationalism. It has profound historical significance to reveal the diversity of the development road from tradition to modern society in the world.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K516

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