试论蒙古鞑靼人侵略俄罗斯的历史意义

发布时间：2018-03-10 17:35

本文选题：蒙古鞑靼人　切入点：俄罗斯　出处：《四川外语学院》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 13世纪蒙古鞑靼人发动了侵略罗斯的战争,从此开始了在罗斯土地上长达2个半世纪(1237年-1480年)的殖民统治,这在整个俄罗斯民族的历史中打下了不可磨灭的烙印,成为了俄罗斯历史中重要的篇章,对俄罗斯的历史进程产生了深远的影响。谈及蒙古鞑靼人2个半世纪的入侵总会引起历史学界的广泛关注和极大争议。针对这段历史俄罗斯学者们可谓仁者见仁,智者见智。在俄罗斯学界中几乎所有的知名历史学家如卡拉姆津、克柳切夫斯基、韦尔纳茨基、索洛维约夫、格列科夫、雅库博夫斯基和古米廖夫等都曾为此做过深入的研究,发表了大量的著作和文章,给予后人很多可供研究参考的资料。总体上对这一历史在俄罗斯学界形成了两种对立的观点:第一种是几个世纪来一直都十分盛行的观点即蒙古鞑靼人的侵略对俄罗斯的发展完全是消极的;第二种是在近些年来越来越占有主导地位的观点,这就是蒙古鞑靼人的侵略对俄罗斯的影响积极意义大于消极意义。还在20世纪中叶时,在苏联的大中小学课本以及科学著作和文献中,对蒙古鞑靼人侵略俄罗斯的评述还极其地简单明了:桎梏—绝对的罪恶,它掠夺了人们的财产,自由,并伴随着烧毁城市和森林,对古罗斯文明毁灭性的破坏,人们的基本生活已不复存在。但是就在20世纪下半叶,尤其是在苏联解体后问世的了一些书刊和大量文章中作者们却提出:事实上,成吉思汗对俄罗斯的侵略和对俄罗斯的统治在某种程度上来说是保护了俄罗斯免受来自西方各族的侵略,是有利于俄罗斯最后形成完整统一的中央集权国家,对俄罗斯的历史起到了向前推动的作用的。这一问题在今日的俄罗斯之所以成为热点,是因为当时的罗斯也处在一个转型时期,与现在俄罗斯所面临的处境类似。有鉴于此,本文作者意欲通过这一选题来分析究竟蒙古鞑靼人侵略罗斯的历史消极意义和积极意义孰重孰轻。为此本文作者采用了时间顺序法、历史对比法、分析法,在参阅了大量文献的基础上阐明:这段历史积极方面大于消极方面,以及它对俄罗斯发展的意义和对俄罗斯后蒙古时代的国家振兴的作用。在这篇文章中我们力图较为全面地、从新的角度来论述侵略的积极意义,从而为大家提供新的视角来看待这段历史。本文由前言、正文四章和结论组成。前言交代了蒙古鞑靼侵略俄罗斯这个历史事件及学者的不同观点,指出了本选题的现实性和理论新意、研究目的和任务、研究对象和研究方法,强调了论文的理论价值和实践价值,指出了论文的结构。第一章由两部分组成,第一部分引入了蒙古侵略俄罗斯的历史背景和整个事件,第二部分简要介绍了针对这一历史事件学者们提出的主要观点。第二章由三部分组成,分析了蒙古侵略对俄罗斯政治方面的影响,重点放在了对城市的自治,大公地位的改变和在管辖区域的统治,以及带来的社会阶层的变化。通过此章节可以看到它促进了俄罗斯中央集权专制制度的形成、国家的统一、赋税制度的完善和发展等。第三章由三部分组成,分析了蒙古侵略对俄罗斯经济方面的影响,重点放在了对农村经济,手工业和商业的分析上。从而揭示出在经济方面某种程度上是促进了经济活跃,产生了一定的积极意义。第四章由三部分构成,分析了蒙古侵略对俄罗斯文化方面的影响,而文化涉及到人们生活的方方面面。该章节主要分析了人们在日常生活、艺术、建筑、宗教以及地理位置等方面的变化,表明独具特色的俄罗斯文化是如何形成的。在结论中,综合了各个章节分析的结果,作者认为:就蒙古和罗斯的相互作用和影响而言,既有消极的方面,也有积极的方面。蒙古侵略俄罗斯在某种程度上积极意义大于消极意义。
[Abstract]:Thirteenth Century Mongolia Tatars launched an invasion of Ross's war, Ross began in the land for 2.5 Century (1237 -1480) colonial rule, which laid an indelible mark in the Russian national history, has become an important chapter in the history of Russia, has a far-reaching influence on the history of Russia.
About the 2.5 century Mongolia Tatars invasion always caused widespread concern and controversy of history. In the history of Russian scholars is each one according to his lights. In the Russian science leading historians almost all circles such as Karam Jin, J L Chief J, Solovyev, Grekov, Werner Nowitzki, Cooper J J Ki and Liao Fu made ya have to do the thorough research, has published numerous books and articles, give us many available for study and reference data.
On the whole of the historical formation of two opposing views scholars in Russia: the first is through the centuries are very popular view that Mongolia Tatar invasion is completely negative to the development of Russia; the second is in recent years more and more dominant point of view, this is the Mongolia Tatar invasion the impact on Russia positive than negative meaning.
In mid twentieth Century, the Soviet Union high school textbooks and scientific books and literature, the Mongolia Tatar Russian aggression review also extremely simple: the shackles of absolute evil, it robs people of property, freedom, and accompanied by the city and burned forest, Ross of the ancient civilization of destruction and people's basic life has ceased to exist. But in the second half of the twentieth Century, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union was the author of books and numerous articles in are put forward: in fact, Gen Gi Khan of Russia's aggression and domination of Russia in a certain extent is protected from all ethnic groups in the western Russian aggression finally, Russia is conducive to form a complete and unified centralized state, to push forward the role of Russian history.
This problem has become a hot topic in Russia today, because Ross was also in a transition period, which is similar to the situation Russia is facing now.
In view of this, the author intends to analyze the topic of how Mongolia Tatars Ross's historical significance and aggression negative positive significance is more important. The author of this paper uses the time sequence method, analysis method, historical comparison method, clarify based on a lot of literature on the history: positive aspects outweigh the negative aspects, as well as on it the significance of the development of Russia and Russia after the Mongolia times of national revitalization. In this article we try to comprehensively, to discuss the positive significance of aggression from a new perspective, so as to provide a new perspective on this period of history is large.
This article is composed of the preface, the four chapter of the text and the conclusion.
The account of the different views of Mongolia Tatar invaded Russia this historical event and scholars, and points out the significance of the theory and new ideas, research purposes and tasks, research object and research methods, emphasizing the value of theory and practice, points out the structure of the thesis.
The first chapter is made up of two parts. The first part introduces the historical background and the whole event of Mongolia's invasion of Russia. The second part briefly introduces the main points put forward by scholars for this historical event.
The second chapter consists of three parts, analyzes the influence of the Mongolia invasion of Russian political aspects, focus on the city's autonomy, public status change and in the jurisdiction of the rule, and the change of social class. Through this chapter we can see that it promoted the formation of the Russian Ross centralized autocratic system. The unification of the country, such as the improvement and development of the tax system.
The third chapter is made up of three parts. It analyzes the impact of Mongolia's aggression on Russia's economy. It focuses on the analysis of rural economy, handicraft industry and commerce. It reveals that to some extent, the economy has promoted the economic activity and produced some positive significance.
The fourth chapter consists of three parts, analyzes the influence of the Mongolia invasion of Russian culture aspect, and culture involves all aspects of people's lives. This chapter mainly analyzes the people in daily life, art, architecture, religion and geographical changes and other aspects of the unique culture that Russia is formed.
In conclusion, combined with the results of each chapter's analysis, the author believes that there are both negative and positive aspects in the interaction and influence of Mongolia and Ross. Mongolia's aggression to Russia is positive to a certain extent more than negative significance.

【学位授予单位】：四川外语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K311

【参考文献】