杨百翰时期美国摩门教会印第安人政策研究（1851-1857）

发布时间：2018-03-13 02:24

本文选题：摩门教　切入点：美国　出处：《华东师范大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 1830年,摩门教由约瑟夫·史密斯(Joseph Smith)创立于纽约州,正式名称为“耶稣基督后期圣徒教会”(the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints),它是美国最大的本土宗教。虽然摩门教发展到今天尚不足两百年,但它已经在宗派林立的美国社会站稳了脚跟,并且具有相当的影响力。本文在简单介绍摩门教基本教义与早期发展的基础上,选取摩门教会的印第安人政策为研究对象,研究时段定为1851—1857年。犹他州是摩门教的大本营,1850—1896年的犹他领地时期可谓是它的奠基时代。带领摩门教徒开创这一时代的是教会第二任会长杨百翰(Brigham Young),他同时身兼犹他领地总督的要职,对于教会和领地议会所制定的政策有着绝对影响力。1851—1857年,杨百翰又兼任犹他领地印第安人事务管理处主管之职,通过其任期内各项印第安人政策的实践,基本明确了摩门教会对印第安人事务的处理方向。本论文共分四章,另加绪论和结语。绪论部分论述了摩门教的研究意义,在对国内外摩门教研究现状进行梳理的同时,明确了继续摩门教研究的基础和可行性,并对本文的研究思路和主要框架作出说明。第一章介绍摩门教的发展概况。包括摩门教的创立与早期在纽约州、俄亥俄州、密苏里州和伊利诺伊州的发展,以及一夫多妻制等特殊的教义教规,并较为详细地叙述了摩门教的印第安人观。第二章研究摩门教会制定印第安人收养计划的背景、内容和影响。在犹他地区的印第安人奴隶贸易背景下,领地议会出台了印第安人收养计划,鼓励摩门教徒收养印第安人,并逐步实现对他们的同化。但被收养的印第安人在同化过程中面临重重困境,包括外界的接纳度和自我身份的认同。总体看来,由印第安人收养计划而衍生出的同化进程是艰辛的。第三章探析一场摩门教会与印第安人的激烈冲突——沃克冲突。通过对沃克冲突的原因、进程、结果的论述,分析摩门教与印第安人之间长期积累的各种矛盾。应对冲突,杨百翰的安抚政策被证明行之有效,并由此影响到摩门教会的印第安人政策取向。第四章研究摩门教会对印第安人的传教工作。设立传教区以加大对印第安人的传教力度是摩门教会印第安人政策的重要组成部分。本章着重探讨了埃尔克山传教区和拉斯维加斯传教区的组织模式,并由此对印白矛盾、教会世俗化等问题加以阐释。同时,为了更好地推进传教工作,教会鼓励印白通婚并实施印第安人农业计划,这些政策得到了一定的落实,但达到的实际效果比较有限。结语在绪论与正文的基础上对摩门教会印第安人政策进行评价。肯定了摩门教会印第安人政策在制定上较之之前的欧洲人与联邦政府要温和、人道得多,具有一定的积极意义,但究其实质还是出于自身宗教的实践与现实的需要,并不具备反对种族歧视与奴隶制的进步性。
[Abstract]:In 1830, Joseph Smith (Joseph Smith) by the Mormon Church was founded in New York, formally known as the "Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints" (the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), it is the largest indigenous religion. Although Mormon development today is still less than two hundred years, but it has been in many American Society established a sectarian the heel, and has considerable influence.
Based on the brief introduction of the basic teachings of Mormonism and early development on the selection of Indian policy of the Mormon Church as the research object, the research period as of 1851 1857. Utah is the headquarters of Mormon, 1850 - 1896 in Utah territory period is the foundation period. It led in this era is a Mormon Church second President Yang Baihan (Brigham Young), he also played the Utah territory governor position, has absolute influence.1851 in 1857 for the church and the territory Council policy, Yang Baihan served as the Utah territory of Indian Affairs Management Office Director, through the practice of his tenure of the Indian policy, the basic clear of Indian affairs processing the direction of the Mormon Church.
This paper is divided into four chapters, in addition to the introduction and conclusion.
The introduction discusses the significance of Mormon research, and summarizes the research status of Mormon Studies at home and abroad. At the same time, it clarifies the foundation and feasibility of continuing Mormon research, and explains the research ideas and main framework of this paper.
The first chapter introduce the general development of Mormon. Including the Mormon establishment and early in New York, Ohio, Missouri and Illinois, and polygamy and other special religious teachings, and a detailed description of the Mormon Indian view.
The second chapter studies the Mormon Church formulated plans to adopt the Indian background, content and influence. In the Utah region of the Indian slave trade background, territory parliament introduced Indian adoption program to encourage the adoption of Mormon Indians, and gradually realize their assimilation. But adopted Indians face many difficulties in the process of assimilation, including outside acceptance and self identity. Overall, the Indian adoption program and derived from the assimilation process is difficult.
The third chapter of a conflict between the Mormon Church and Indian Walker. By reason of the conflict, Walker conflict, the result is discussed, various contradictions accumulated between the analysis of Mormonism and Indians. To appease the conflict, Brigham Young policy proved effective, and thus affect the Indian policy orientation of the Mormon Church.
The fourth chapter studies the Mormon Church of the Indian missionary work. The establishment of the mission in order to increase the Indian missionary efforts is an important part of the Mormon Church Indian policy. This chapter mainly discusses the organization mode of Elk Mountain Area and the Las Vegas area of the missionary missionary, and thus to India white contradiction, the secularization of the problem is explained. At the same time, in order to better promote the missionary work, the church encourages the Indian white intermarriage and implementation of Indian Agricultural plans, these policies must be implemented, but the actual results achieved is limited.
Conclusion to evaluate the Mormon Indian policy based on the introduction and the text. The affirmation of the Mormon Church in the development of Indian policy than before the Europeans and the federal government to moderate, more humane, has certain positive meaning, but need to practice and reality in essence or in their own religion, does not have the progress against racism and slavery.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K712

【引证文献】