星空下的谜与思：17世纪欧洲启蒙时代的玫瑰十字会

发布时间：2018-03-16 12:16

本文选题：玫瑰十字兄弟会　切入点：克里斯蒂安·罗森克鲁兹　出处：《华东师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在17世纪初的德国,曾有人匿名发表过三本神秘的宣言,宣言中首次提到过一个致力于全世界普遍改革和新知识启蒙的秘密协会——玫瑰十字会。相传玫瑰十字会的创立者是克里斯蒂安·罗森克鲁兹这位传奇性的历史人物,但其真实存在与否,一直都是一个未解之谜。玫瑰十字会的标志性图案是血红色的玫瑰花中心镶嵌着一枚神圣的十字架,恪守隐匿和保持秘密是兄弟会自始至终所遵循的信条和守则。玫瑰十字会以其虚实相融的姿态呈现在众人面前,它似有似无、不可捉摸,亦无从查找,但也因此为前仆后继的追寻者们所痴迷、神往。虽然有无数的博学之士想要加入其中,但却始终没能得到兄弟会的答复和邀请,也一直无人得以窥见玫瑰十字会的真实面貌。作为一种知识型的秘密宗教会社,玫瑰十字会自问世以来,就一直致力于无偿治愈疾病,积极提倡欧洲所有的博学之士相互交流和传播各类知识、技艺与科学,重视整个辽阔世界的全面和普遍改革,强调以探寻自然和释读《圣经》的双重主义路径来促进欧洲古典文明、智慧的复苏,进而迎接新千禧年的到来和回归到圣洁的伊甸园中的亚当时代。其中,自然代表近代科学和以魔法、炼金术、占星术为代表的神秘主义实践相混合的近代实验哲学,而《圣经》则是耶稣和基督教的象征,玫瑰十字会的成员希望借助对《圣经》的重新阐释来抨击天主教会的腐化和堕落。玫瑰十字主义和运动得以在欧洲大陆蓬勃发展,它以烽火燎原之势,引发了当时欧洲的博学之士们对全世界普遍改革的广泛关注和思考,以及对知识进步的认可和推进,但同时也伴随着来自反对者们的无休止的批判、压制和控诉。无论如何,玫瑰十字会的出现都绝非偶然,它是一种介乎于近代知识科学和神秘主义之间的产物,其宗旨和目标顺应了彼时欧洲社会和民众的需求。不管是位高权重的统治阶层和精英知识分子,还是普通的下层民众中,都潜藏着一群时代的启蒙智者,他们渴望打破旧有的规则和秩序,渴望一个新的黎明的到来。玫瑰十字会在此种意义上,恰巧承接着此前文艺复兴运动的硕果和辉煌,进而引领着17世纪的知识曙光和启蒙,以及随之而来的宗教改革的成长和发展,它成为三者之间相互衔接的一个历史路标和微观缩影。与此同时,在赫耳墨斯主义和新柏拉图主义等古典思潮的指引下,玫瑰十字会的成员和深受玫瑰十字会哲学影响的改革者们,也希望借助神秘主义的路径来实现理想国中的乌托邦改革计划,他们渴望打碎旧式的欧洲哈布斯堡家族的藩篱和神圣罗马帝国皇帝,以及天主教会和主教们的威权。
[Abstract]:In early 17th century in Germany, three mysterious declarations were published anonymously. The manifesto first mentioned a secret society dedicated to universal change and the enlightenment of new knowledge around the world, the Rose Cross, which was founded by Christian RosenCruz, a legendary historical figure. But whether it is real or not has always been a mystery. The symbol of the Cross of the Roses is a blood-red rose with a sacred cross in its center. Keeping secret and keeping secret is the creed and code of the Brotherhood all the time. The cross of roses is presented in the presence of the people in its unreal, inscrutable, unsearchable manner. But it is also fascinated by successive pursuers. Although there are countless learned people who want to join them, they have never been able to get a reply or invitation from the Brotherhood. And no one has ever been able to see the true face of the Cross of Roses, which, as a knowledge-based, secret religious society, has been dedicated to healing diseases for free since its inception. Actively promoting the exchange and dissemination of all kinds of knowledge, skills and science among all the learned people in Europe, and attaching importance to the comprehensive and universal reform of the entire vast world, Emphasizing the dual path of exploration of nature and interpretation of the Bible to promote the revival of European classical civilization and wisdom, thus welcoming the new millennium and returning to the Adam era in the holy Garden of Eden. Nature represents modern science and modern experimental philosophy of mysticism, represented by magic, alchemy, and astrology, and the Bible is a symbol of Jesus and Christianity. The members of the Cross of Roses hope to attack the corruption and depravity of the Catholic Church with a reinterpretation of the Bible. The rose-cross movement has flourished on the continent, and it has become a beacon for a prairie fire. It triggered the widespread concern and thinking of the erudite in Europe about the universal reform around the world, and the recognition and promotion of intellectual progress, but it was accompanied by endless criticism, repression and accusation from the opponents. Anyway, It was no accident that the Cross of the Roses had emerged. It was a product between modern knowledge, science and mysticism. Its aims and objectives were in accordance with the needs of European society and the people of that time. Whether it was the high-ranking ruling class and the elite intellectuals, or the ordinary lower class, there was a group of enlightened wise men of the age, They longed to break the old rules and order, and to have a new dawn. In this sense, the Cross of the Roses happened to take on the fruits and splendor of the previous Renaissance, leading to the dawn and enlightenment of knowledge in 17th century. And the subsequent growth and development of religious reform, which has become a historic landmark and microcosm of the interconnectedness of the three. At the same time, under the guidance of classical thoughts such as Hermes' doctrine and neo-Platonism, Members of the Cross of Roses and reformers deeply influenced by the philosophy of the Cross of Roses also wanted to use the mystical path to implement the utopian reform plan in the utopia of the Republic. They longed to break down the walls of the old Hapsburg family of Europe and the authoritarianism of the Holy Roman emperors, as well as the Catholic Church and bishops.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K133

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